This study proposes a model using 5G time-of-arrival data to assist global navigation satellite system precise point positioning ambiguity resolution. Specifically, the model addresses the problem of PPP requiring a long convergence time in partially satellite-occluded GNSS environments, such as urban canyons. First, we apply the ionosphere-free PPP model to estimate uncalibrated phase delays. Next, we combine real 5G data with GNSS data to determine whether introducing 5G observations will decrease the convergence time of the PPP solution. Experimental results reveal that the 5G-assisted PPP model can effectively improve the convergence efficiency of the float solution, lower the fixed time, and achieve greater positional reliability. Notably, the combination of GPS, BDS, and 5G with a sampling interval of 1 s obtains a fixed solution in an average of 1.12 min. Moreover, 5G-assisted GNSS positioning effectively compensates for partial satellite occlusion, optimizes the PDOP value, and speeds up ambiguity fixing. The introduction of three and more 5G base stations helps to obtain fixed solutions within 9 min when it is difficult to obtain fixed solutions relying only on GNSS. Our findings have important implications for improving the widespread applicability and effectiveness of satellite-based navigation systems in light of increasing urbanization and the rise of signal-occluding environments.

本研究提出了一种利用5G到达时间数据辅助全球导航卫星系统精确单点定位模糊度解析的模型。具体来说，该模型解决了 PPP 在部分卫星遮挡的 GNSS 环境（例如城市峡谷）中需要较长收敛时间的问题。首先，我们应用无电离层 PPP 模型来估计未校准的相位延迟。接下来，我们将真实的 5G 数据与 GNSS 数据相结合，以确定引入 5G 观测是否会减少 PPP 解的收敛时间。实验结果表明，5G辅助的PPP模型可以有效提高浮动解的收敛效率，降低固定时间，实现更高的位置可靠性。值得注意的是，GPS、北斗和5G的结合，采样间隔为1秒，平均1.12分钟即可获得固定解。此外，5G辅助GNSS定位有效补偿部分卫星遮挡，优化PDOP值，加快模糊度修复速度。在仅依靠GNSS很难获得固定解的情况下，三个及更多5G基站的引入有助于在9分钟内获得固定解。鉴于城市化进程的加快和信号遮挡环境的兴起，我们的研究结果对于提高卫星导航系统的广泛适用性和有效性具有重要意义。