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Developmentally Unique Cerebellar Processing Prioritizes Self- over Other-Generated Movements
Journal of Neuroscience ( IF 5.3 ) Pub Date : 2024-05-08 , DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2345-23.2024
Angela M. Richardson , Greta Sokoloff , Mark S. Blumberg

Animals must distinguish the sensory consequences of self-generated movements (reafference) from those of other-generated movements (exafference). Only self-generated movements entail the production of motor copies (i.e., corollary discharges), which are compared with reafference in the cerebellum to compute predictive or internal models of movement. Internal models emerge gradually over the first three postnatal weeks in rats through a process that is not yet fully understood. Previously, we demonstrated in postnatal day (P) 8 and P12 rats that precerebellar nuclei convey corollary discharge and reafference to the cerebellum during active (REM) sleep when pups produce limb twitches. Here, recording from a deep cerebellar nucleus (interpositus, IP) in P12 rats of both sexes, we compared reafferent and exafferent responses with twitches and limb stimulations, respectively. As expected, most IP units showed robust responses to twitches. However, in contrast with other sensory structures throughout the brain, relatively few IP units showed exafferent responses. Upon finding that exafferent responses occurred in pups under urethane anesthesia, we hypothesized that urethane inhibits cerebellar cortical cells, thereby disinhibiting exafferent responses in IP. In support of this hypothesis, ablating cortical tissue dorsal to IP mimicked the effects of urethane on exafference. Finally, the results suggest that twitch-related corollary discharge and reafference are conveyed simultaneously and in parallel to cerebellar cortex and IP. Based on these results, we propose that twitches provide opportunities for the nascent cerebellum to integrate somatotopically organized corollary discharge and reafference, thereby enabling the development of closed-loop circuits and, subsequently, internal models.



中文翻译:

发育上独特的小脑处理优先考虑自我产生的运动

动物必须区分自身产生的运动(再传入)和其他产生的运动(外传)的感官后果。只有自生运动才会产生运动副本(即推论放电),将其与小脑中的再传入进行比较,以计算运动的预测或内部模型。在大鼠出生后的前三周内,通过一个尚未完全了解的过程逐渐出现内部模型。此前,我们在出生后第 8 天和第 12 天的大鼠中证明,当幼鼠产生肢体抽搐时,小脑前核在活跃 (REM) 睡眠期间向小脑传递伴随放电和再传入。在这里,我们从两性 P12 大鼠的小脑深部核(间质,IP)进行记录,分别比较了抽搐和肢体刺激的传入和传出反应。正如预期的那样,大多数 IP 单元对抽搐表现出强烈的反应。然而,与整个大脑的其他感觉结构相比,相对较少的 IP 单元表现出传出反应。在发现乌拉坦麻醉下幼犬发生传出反应后,我们假设乌拉坦抑制小脑皮质细胞,从而抑制 IP 中的传出反应。为了支持这一假设,消融 IP 背侧的皮质组织模拟了氨基甲酸乙酯对外感的影响。最后,结果表明与抽搐相关的推论放电和再传入同时并行地传递到小脑皮层和 IP。基于这些结果,我们提出抽搐为新生小脑提供了整合体细胞组织的推论放电和再传入的机会,从而能够开发闭环电路,以及随后的内部模型。

更新日期:2024-05-09
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