Exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals such as bisphenols and phthalates during pregnancy may disrupt fetal developmental programming and influence early-life growth. We hypothesized that prenatal bisphenol and phthalate exposure was associated with alterations in adiposity through 4 years. This associations might change over time. Among 1091 mother–child pairs in a New York City birth cohort study, we measured maternal urinary concentrations of bisphenols and phthalates at three time points in pregnancy and child weight, height, and triceps and subscapular skinfold thickness at ages 1, 2, 3, and 4 years. We used linear mixed models to assess associations of prenatal individual and grouped bisphenols and phthalates with overall and time-point-specific adiposity outcomes from birth to 4 years. We observed associations of higher maternal urinary second trimester total bisphenol and bisphenol A concentrations in pregnancy and overall child weight between birth and 4 years only (Beta 0.10 (95 % confidence interval 0.04, 0.16) and 0.07 (0.02, 0.12) standard deviation score (SDS) change in weight per natural log increase in exposure), We reported an interaction of the exposures with time, and analysis showed associations of higher pregnancy-averaged mono-(2-carboxymethyl) phthalate with higher child weight at 3 years (0.14 (0.06, 0.22)), and of higher high-molecular-weight phthalate, di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate, mono-(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate, mono-(2-carboxymethyl) phthalate, and mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate with higher child weight at 4 years (0.16 (0.04, 0.28), 0.15 (0.03, 0.27), 0.19 (0.07, 0.31), 0.16 (0.07, 0.24), 0.11 (0.03, 0.19)). Higher pregnancy-averaged high-molecular-weight phthalate, di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate, mono-(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate, mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate, and mono-2(ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate concentrations were associated with higher child BMI at 4 years (0.20 (0.05, 0.35), 0.20 (0.05, 0.35), 0.22 (0.06, 0.37), 0.20 (0.05, 0.34), 0.20 (0.05, 0.34)). For skinfold thicknesses, we observed no associations. This study contributes to the evidence suggesting associations of prenatal exposure to bisphenols and high-molecular-weight phthalates on childhood weight and BMI.

中文翻译：

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纽约市出生队列中胎儿双酚和邻苯二甲酸盐暴露与儿童早期生长


怀孕期间接触双酚和邻苯二甲酸盐等内分泌干扰化学物质可能会扰乱胎儿的发育程序并影响生命早期的生长。我们假设产前接触双酚和邻苯二甲酸盐与 4 年内肥胖的变化有关。这种关联可能会随着时间的推移而改变。在纽约市出生队列研究的 1091 对母子中，我们测量了怀孕三个时间点的母尿中双酚和邻苯二甲酸盐的浓度，以及孩子 1、2、3 岁时的体重、身高、三头肌和肩胛下皮褶厚度，和 4 年。我们使用线性混合模型来评估产前个体和分组双酚和邻苯二甲酸盐与从出生到 4 岁的总体和特定时间点肥胖结果的关联。我们观察到妊娠中期母亲尿液中总双酚和双酚 A 浓度较高与出生至 4 岁之间的儿童总体体重之间的关联（Beta 0.10（95% 置信区间 0.04, 0.16）和 0.07 (0.02, 0.12) 标准差得分（ SDS）每自然对数暴露增加的体重变化），我们报告了暴露与时间的相互作用，分析表明较高的妊娠平均单（2-羧甲基）邻苯二甲酸酯与较高的 3 岁时儿童体重相关（0.14（ 0.06, 0.22))，以及更高分子量的邻苯二甲酸酯、邻苯二甲酸二-2-乙基己酯、邻苯二甲酸单-(2-乙基-5-羧基戊基)酯、邻苯二甲酸单-(2-羧甲基)酯和单-(2邻苯二甲酸-乙基己酯对 4 岁儿童体重的影响较高（0.16 (0.04, 0.28)、0.15 (0.03, 0.27)、0.19 (0.07, 0.31)、0.16 (0.07, 0.24)、0.11 (0.03, 0.19))。 妊娠期平均高分子量邻苯二甲酸酯、邻苯二甲酸二-2-乙基己酯、邻苯二甲酸单(2-乙基-5-羧基戊基)酯、邻苯二甲酸单(2-乙基-5-羟基己基)酯和邻苯二甲酸单-2(乙基酯)含量较高邻苯二甲酸-5-氧代己酯浓度与 4 岁时较高的儿童 BMI 相关（0.20 (0.05, 0.35)、0.20 (0.05, 0.35)、0.22 (0.06, 0.37)、0.20 (0.05, 0.34)、0.20 (0.05, 0.34) ））。对于皮褶厚度，我们没有观察到任何关联。这项研究提供了证据，表明产前接触双酚和高分子量邻苯二甲酸盐与儿童体重和体重指数之间存在关联。