Biochemicals are widely used in the medicine and food industries and are more efficient and safer than synthetic chemicals. The amphipathic surfactants can interact with the microorganisms and embed the extracellular metabolites, which induce microbial metabolites secretion and biosynthesis, performing an attractive prospect of promoting the biochemical production. However, the commonness and differences of surfactant-mediated bio-manufacture in various fields are largely unexplored. Accordingly, this review comprehensively summarized the properties of surfactants, different application scenarios of surfactant-meditated bio-manufacture, and the mechanism of surfactants increasing metabolites production. Various biochemical productions such as pigments, amino acids, and alcohols could be enhanced using the cloud point and the micelles of surfactants. Besides, the amphiphilicity of surfactants also promoted the utilization of fermentation substrates, especially lignocellulose and waste sludge, by microorganisms, indirectly increasing the metabolites production. The increase in target metabolites production was attributed to the surfactants changing the permeability and composition of the cell membrane, hence improving the secretion ability of microorganisms. Moreover, surfactants could regulate the energy metabolism, the redox state and metabolic flow in microorganisms, which induced target metabolites synthesis. This review aimed to broaden the application fields of surfactants and provide novel insights into the production of microbial biochemicals.

中文翻译：

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表面活性剂介导的生物制造：促进微生物生化产品生产的独特策略


生物化学品广泛应用于医药和食品行业，比合成化学品更高效、更安全。两亲性表面活性剂可以与微生物相互作用，将代谢物嵌入细胞外，诱导微生物代谢物的分泌和生物合成，在促进生化生产方面具有良好的前景。然而，表面活性剂介导的生物制造在各个领域的共性和差异在很大程度上尚未被探索。因此，本文全面总结了表面活性剂的性质、表面活性剂介导的生物制造的不同应用场景以及表面活性剂增加代谢产物产生的机制。使用表面活性剂的浊点和胶束可以提高各种生化生产，例如颜料、氨基酸和醇。此外，表面活性剂的两亲性还促进了微生物对发酵底物，特别是木质纤维素和废污泥的利用，间接增加了代谢产物的产量。目标代谢物产量的增加归因于表面活性剂改变了细胞膜的渗透性和组成，从而提高了微生物的分泌能力。此外，表面活性剂可以调节微生物的能量代谢、氧化还原状态和代谢流，从而诱导目标代谢物的合成。该综述旨在拓宽表面活性剂的应用领域，并为微生物生化产品的生产提供新的见解。