Fluoroscopy is usually required during retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS). Although fluoroscopy is considered necessary for effective and safe RIRS, there is growing awareness regarding radiation exposure risk to patients and surgeons. We conducted a multicenter-based, randomized, controlled trial to compare the safety and effectiveness of radiation-free (RF) RIRS with radiation-usage (RU) RIRS for kidney stone management.

中文翻译：

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无辐射逆行肾内手术的有效性和安全性：一项基于多中心、随机、对照的前瞻性试验。

逆行肾内手术 (RIRS) 期间通常需要进行透视检查。尽管透视被认为是有效和安全的 RIRS 所必需的，但人们越来越意识到患者和外科医生的辐射暴露风险。我们进行了一项多中心、随机、对照试验，比较无辐射 (RF) RIRS 与辐射使用 (RU) RIRS 治疗肾结石的安全性和有效性。