To fully understand how the human brain works, knowledge of its structure at high resolution is needed. Presented here is a computationally intensive reconstruction of the ultrastructure of a cubic millimeter of human temporal cortex that was surgically removed to gain access to an underlying epileptic focus. It contains about 57,000 cells, about 230 millimeters of blood vessels, and about 150 million synapses and comprises 1.4 petabytes. Our analysis showed that glia outnumber neurons 2:1, oligodendrocytes were the most common cell, deep layer excitatory neurons could be classified on the basis of dendritic orientation, and among thousands of weak connections to each neuron, there exist rare powerful axonal inputs of up to 50 synapses. Further studies using this resource may bring valuable insights into the mysteries of the human brain.

中文翻译：

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以纳米级分辨率重建的人类大脑皮层 petavoxel 片段

为了充分了解人脑的工作原理，需要了解其高分辨率的结构。这里展示的是对一立方毫米人类颞叶皮层超微结构的计算密集型重建，该皮层通过手术切除以获得潜在的癫痫病灶。它包含约 57,000 个细胞、约 230 毫米的血管和约 1.5 亿个突触，大小为 1.4 PB。我们的分析表明，神经胶质细胞的数量比神经元的比例为2：1，少突胶质细胞是最常见的细胞，深层兴奋性神经元可以根据树突方向进行分类，并且在每个神经元的数千个弱连接中，存在着罕见的强大轴突输入到 50 个突触。使用这一资源的进一步研究可能会给人类大脑的奥秘带来有价值的见解。