The disagreement in the Hubble constant measured by different cosmological probes highlights the need for a better understanding of the observations or new physics. The standard siren method, a novel approach using gravitational-wave observations to determine the distance to binary mergers, has great potential to provide an independent measurement of the Hubble constant and shed light on the tension in the next few years. To realize this goal, we must thoroughly understand the sources of potential systematic bias of standard sirens. Among the known sources of systematic uncertainties, selection effects originating from electromagnetic counterpart observations of gravitational-wave sources may dominate the measurements with percent-level bias and no method to mitigate this effect is currently established. In this Letter, we develop a new formalism to mitigate the counterpart selection effect. We show that our formalism can reduce the systematic uncertainty of standard siren Hubble constant measurement to less than the statistical uncertainty with a simulated population of 200 observations ($\lesssim 1\%$) for a realistic electromagnetic emission model. We conclude with how to apply our formalism to different electromagnetic emissions and observing scenarios.

中文翻译：

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减轻标准警报器的对应选择效应

不同宇宙学探测器测量的哈勃常数的差异凸显了更好地理解观测结果或新物理学的必要性。标准海妖法是一种利用引力波观测来确定双星合并距离的新颖方法，具有提供哈勃常数的独立测量并揭示未来几年的紧张局势的巨大潜力。为了实现这一目标，我们必须彻底了解标准警报器潜在系统偏差的来源。在已知的系统不确定性来源中，源自引力波源的电磁对应观测的选择效应可能主导具有百分比水平偏差的测量，并且目前尚未建立减轻这种效应的方法。在这封信中，我们开发了一种新的形式主义来减轻对应选择效应。我们证明，我们的形式主义可以将标准海妖哈勃常数测量的系统不确定性降低到小于 200 个观测值的模拟总体的统计不确定性（$\lesssim 1\%$）用于真实的电磁发射模型。最后我们讨论如何将我们的形式主义应用于不同的电磁发射和观测场景。