Summary Mycorrhizal symbiosis, seed dispersal, and pollination are recognized as the most prominent mutualistic interactions in terrestrial ecosystems. However, it remains unclear how these symbiotic relationships have interacted to contribute to current plant diversity. We analyzed evolutionary relationships among mycorrhizal type, seed dispersal mode, and pollination mode in two global databases of 699 (database I) and 10 475 (database II) tree species. Although database II had been estimated from phylogenetic patterns and therefore had lower certainty of the mycorrhizal type than database I, whose mycorrhizal type was determined by direct observation, database II allowed analysis of many more taxa from more regions than database I. We found evidence of joint evolution of all three features in both databases. This result is robust to the effects of both sampling bias and missing taxa. Most arbuscular mycorrhizal‐associated trees had endozoochorous (biotic) seed dispersal and biotic pollination, with long dispersal distances, whereas most ectomycorrhizal‐associated trees had anemochorous (abiotic) seed dispersal and wind (abiotic) pollination mode, with shorter dispersal distances. These results provide a novel scenario in mutualistic interactions, seed dispersal, pollination, and mycorrhizal symbiosis types, which have jointly evolved and shaped current tree diversity and forest ecosystem world‐wide.

中文翻译：

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树木中互利相互作用、授粉、种子传播互利共生和菌根共生的联合进化


摘要菌根共生、种子传播和授粉被认为是陆地生态系统中最突出的互利相互作用。然而，目前尚不清楚这些共生关系如何相互作用以促进当前的植物多样性。我们分析了两个全球数据库中 699 个（数据库 I）和 10 475 个（数据库 II）树种的菌根类型、种子传播模式和授粉模式之间的进化关系。尽管数据库 II 是根据系统发育模式估计的，因此菌根类型的确定性低于数据库 I（其菌根类型是通过直接观察确定的），但数据库 II 允许分析比数据库 I 更多区域的更多类群。我们发现了以下证据：两个数据库中所有三个特征的联合演化。这一结果对于抽样偏差和缺失类群的影响是稳健的。大多数丛枝菌根相关树具有内生动物（生物）种子传播和生物授粉模式，传播距离较长，而大多数外生菌根相关树具有风传播（非生物）种子传播和风（非生物）授粉模式，传播距离较短。这些结果为互利相互作用、种子传播、授粉和菌根共生类型提供了一个新的场景，它们共同进化并塑造了全球范围内当前的树木多样性和森林生态系统。