Here, we developed a self-powered bipolar electrode (SP-BPE) based dual-mode sensor with electrochromic (EC) and photoelectrochemical (PEC) techniques for the visualized and sensitive detection of bisphenol A (BPA). An open BPE with the molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) modified electron injection area and the Prussian blue (PB) coated electrochromic area was fabricated on an indium tin oxide (ITO) glass. A kind of Zr-based metal-organic framework (UiO-66) coated TiO heterojunction (TiO@UiO-66) was used for aptamer (Apt) immobilization and electron generation. BPA was selectively accumulated by MIPs, and subsequently recognized TiO@UiO-66-Apt quantitatively, resulting in the formation of MIPs/BPA/Apt-TiO@UiO-66 “sandwich” structure. Under UV-light, electrons were generated from the captured TiO@UiO-66. For EC visualization measurements, electrons were injected into the PB film, causing a color change without an external power source. The extent of color change was proportional to the number of generated electrons, which correlated with the amount of captured BPA within a concentration range of 10–10 M. This allowed for the semi-quantification of BPA by naked eyes. For PEC detection, the BPE was used as the working electrode in a three-electrode system. The generated photocurrents signals could be digitally output for BPA with the concentrations ranging from 10 to 10 M. The SP-BPE sensors showed low background signal, improved selectivity and anti-interference abilities, and have demonstrated excellent performance in quantitative BPA analysis in water samples. They are particularly useful in scenarios where traditional power sources are limited or unavailable, and they offer opportunities for sustainable and environmentally friendly target detection.

中文翻译：

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基于开放双极电极的自供电三明治型双模式传感器


在这里，我们开发了一种基于自供电双极电极（SP-BPE）的双模式传感器，采用电致变色（EC）和光电化学（PEC）技术，用于双酚A（BPA）的可视化和灵敏检测。在氧化铟锡 (ITO) 玻璃上制备了具有分子印迹聚合物 (MIP) 修饰的电子注入区域和普鲁士蓝 (PB) 涂层电致变色区域的开放式 BPE。一种锆基金属有机骨架（UiO-66）涂覆的TiO异质结（TiO@UiO-66）用于适配体（Apt）固定和电子产生。 BPA被MIPs选择性积累，随后定量识别TiO@UiO-66-Apt，形成MIPs/BPA/Apt-TiO@UiO-66“三明治”结构。在紫外光下，捕获的 TiO@UiO-66 产生电子。对于 EC 可视化测量，将电子注入 PB 薄膜中，无需外部电源即可引起颜色变化。颜色变化的程度与生成的电子数量成正比，电子数量与捕获的 BPA 量在 10-10 M 浓度范围内相关。这使得可以通过肉眼对 BPA 进行半定量。对于 PEC 检测，BPE 用作三电极系统中的工作电极。产生的光电流信号可以数字输出浓度范围为10至10 M的BPA。SP-BPE传感器显示出低背景信号、提高的选择性和抗干扰能力，并且在水样中的BPA定量分析中表现出优异的性能。它们在传统电源有限或不可用的情况下特别有用，并且为可持续和环保的目标检测提供了机会。