The increasing complexities associated with water pollution and the growing shortage of freshwater resources pose significant obstacles to the long-term sustainability of human civilization. Consequently, there is an urgent need for the development of inventive approaches to wastewater treatment and recycling in order to address these issues. Membrane separation technology, renowned for its versatility and efficiency, has found widespread application in domains like seawater desalination, food processing, energy conservation, and environmental stewardship. Recent research has focused on membranes doped with cellular materials for separating heavy metal ions and organic substances in water. One salient development in this arena is the advent of covalent organic frameworks (COF), a novel category of crystalline cellular organic polymer materials. Characterized by an extensive specific surface area, structured channels, adjustable architecture, robust thermal and chemical resilience, COFs present a promising avenue for water treatment applications. This review undertakes a meticulous investigation of the synthesis and physicochemical attributes of COFs, accentuating the underlying design principles, associated challenges, and fabrication techniques of COF-doped membranes. Simultaneously, a comprehensive evaluation of their research trajectory and present status in the domains of seawater desalination and water treatment is presented. The article concludes by providing forward-thinking viewpoints and summarizing future efforts, emphasizing the significant significance of this innovative research in influencing the future direction of sustainable water management.

中文翻译：

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共价有机骨架掺杂膜的设计与制备及其在海水淡化和废水处理中的应用进展

水污染日益复杂，淡水资源日益短缺，对人类文明的长期可持续发展构成了重大障碍。因此，迫切需要开发废水处理和回收的创造性方法以解决这些问题。膜分离技术以其多功能性和高效性而闻名，已广泛应用于海水淡化、食品加工、节能和环境管理等领域。最近的研究集中在掺杂细胞材料的膜上，用于分离水中的重金属离子和有机物质。该领域的一个显着发展是共价有机框架（COF）的出现，这是一种新型的结晶细胞有机聚合物材料。 COF 具有广泛的比表面积、结构化通道、可调节的结构、强大的热弹性和化学弹性等特点，为水处理应用提供了一种有前景的途径。本综述对 COF 的合成和物理化学属性进行了细致的研究，强调了 COF 掺杂膜的基本设计原理、相关挑战和制造技术。同时，对他们在海水淡化和水处理领域的研究轨迹和现状进行了全面评估。文章最后提供了前瞻性的观点并总结了未来的努力，强调了这项创新研究对影响可持续水管理未来方向的重要意义。