In the present era, the escalation of environmental pollution has become manifold due to diverse anthropogenic activities. Among the myriad challenges confronting humanity today, organic pollutants emerge as one of the most significant nuisances plaguing our populace. Removing tenacious pollutants from water bodies is indispensable for the long-term viability of our planet. Several measures have been proposed and applied for their abatement. The search for cost-effective, high-efficiency, and the recyclable nanocatalysts has emerged as a pivotal concern within the realm of heterogeneous photocatalysis. In this regard, the production of magnetite (FeO) based nanocatalysts has emerged as a viable option for reducing and degrading various organic pollutants due to their desirable characteristics such as low cost, low band gap, high performance, stability, and recyclability. To enhance their effectiveness, magnetite can be functionalized with a range of materials including polymers, carbonaceous materials, inorganic, and organic molecules, after which transition metal nanoparticles can be deposited on the surface to create the nanocatalyst. These techniques overcomes many of the obstacles that traditional technologies encounter by being both environmentally friendly and highly efficient in decomposing many hazardous organic pollutants. This review examines in detail the exceptional stability and high catalytic efficiency of such nanocatalysts in the reduction and photodegradation of organic pollutants. Additionally, the review briefly describes the mechanism of photocatalytic degradation and reduction, the impact of scavengers, and the identification of various intermediates involved in photocatalytic degradation and catalytic reduction. The review also highlights factors affecting photocatalytic degradation,reusability and cost-effectiveness of nanocatalyst. We are confident that this review will provide valuable insights into the functionalization of FeO MNPs, offering readers a new perspective and encourages young researcher to work in this field.

中文翻译：

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功能性磁性纳米复合材料中过渡金属催化还原和光催化降解有机污染物的研究进展综述

当今时代，由于人类活动的多样化，环境污染的加剧变得多方面。在当今人类面临的无数挑战中，有机污染物成为困扰我们民众的最严重的公害之一。去除水体中的顽固污染物对于我们星球的长期生存至关重要。已经提出并实施了多项措施来减少这些现象。寻找具有成本效益、高效且可回收的纳米催化剂已成为多相光催化领域的一个关键问题。在这方面，磁铁矿（FeO）基纳米催化剂的生产因其低成本、低带隙、高性能、稳定性和可回收性等理想特性而成为减少和降解各种有机污染物的可行选择。为了提高其有效性，磁铁矿可以用一系列材料进行功能化，包括聚合物、碳质材料、无机和有机分子，然后过渡金属纳米颗粒可以沉积在表面上以形成纳米催化剂。这些技术既环保又高效地分解许多有害有机污染物，克服了传统技术遇到的许多障碍。本综述详细研究了此类纳米催化剂在有机污染物的还原和光降解方面的卓越稳定性和高催化效率。此外，该综述还简要描述了光催化降解和还原的机制、清除剂的影响以及参与光催化降解和催化还原的各种中间体的鉴定。该综述还强调了影响纳米催化剂光催化降解、可重复使用性和成本效益的因素。我们相信这篇综述将为 Fe3O MNP 的功能化提供有价值的见解，为读者提供新的视角，并鼓励年轻研究人员在该领域工作。