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Secondary production of the central rangeland region of the United States
Ecological Applications ( IF 5 ) Pub Date : 2024-05-10 , DOI: 10.1002/eap.2978
Edward J. Raynor 1 , Justin D. Derner 2 , Melannie D. Hartman 3 , Christopher D. Dorich 3 , William J. Parton 3 , John R. Hendrickson 4 , Keith R. Harmoney 5 , Jameson R. Brennan 6 , Clenton E. Owensby 7 , Nicole E. Kaplan 8 , Susan M. Lutz 2 , David L. Hoover 8 , David J. Augustine 8
Affiliation  

Rangelands are the dominant land use across a broad swath of central North America where they span a wide gradient, from <350 to >900 mm, in mean annual precipitation. Substantial efforts have examined temporal and spatial variation in aboveground net primary production (ANPP) to precipitation (PPT) across this gradient. In contrast, net secondary productivity (NSP, e.g., primary consumer production) has not been evaluated analogously. However, livestock production, which is a form of NSP or primary consumer production supported by primary production, is the dominant non‐cultivated land use and an integral economic driver in these regions. Here, we used long‐term (mean length = 19 years) ANPP and NSP data from six research sites across the Central Great Plains with a history of a conservative stocking to determine resource (i.e., PPT)–productivity relationships, NSP sensitivities to dry‐year precipitation, and regional trophic efficiencies (e.g., NSP:ANPP ratio). PPT–ANPP relationships were linear for both temporal (site‐based) and spatial (among site) gradients. The spatial PPT–NSP model revealed that PPT mediated a saturating relationship for NSP as sites became more mesic, a finding that contrasts with many plant‐based PPT–ANPP relationships. A saturating response to high growing‐season precipitation suggests biogeochemical rather than vegetation growth constraints may govern NSP (i.e., large herbivore production). Differential sensitivity in NSP to dry years demonstrated that the primary consumer production response heightened as sites became more xeric. Although sensitivity generally decreased with increasing precipitation as predicted from known PPT–ANPP relationships, evidence suggests that the dominant species' identity and traits influenced secondary production efficiency. Non‐native northern mixed‐grass prairie was outperformed by native Central Great Plains rangeland in sensitivity to dry years and efficiency in converting ANPP to NSP. A more comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms leading to differences in producer and consumer responses will require multisite experiments to assess biotic and abiotic determinants of multi‐trophic level efficiency and sensitivity.

中文翻译:

美国中部牧场地区的二次生产

牧场是北美中部大片地区的主要土地利用方式,其年平均降水量梯度范围较宽,从 <350 毫米到>900 毫米。我们付出了大量的努力来研究该梯度上地上净初级生产力(ANPP)与降水量(PPT)的时间和空间变化。相比之下,净次级生产力(NSP,例如初级消费者生产)尚未进行类似评估。然而,畜牧业生产是 NSP 或由初级生产支持的初级消费生产的一种形式,是这些地区主要的非耕地利用和整体经济驱动力。在这里,我们使用来自中部大平原的六个研究地点的长期(平均长度 = 19 年)ANPP 和 NSP 数据来确定资源(即 PPT)-生产力关系、NSP 对干燥的敏感性。年降水量和区域营养效率(例如,NSP:ANPP 比率)。时间(基于站点)和空间(站点之间)梯度的 PPT-ANPP 关系都是线性的。空间 PPT-NSP 模型揭示,随着地点变得更加中性,PPT 介导了 NSP 的饱和关系,这一发现与许多基于植物的 PPT-ANPP 关系形成鲜明对比。对生长季高降水的饱和响应表明生物地球化学而不是植被生长限制可能控制 NSP(即大型食草动物生产)。 NSP 对干旱年份的差异敏感度表明,随着场地变得更加干旱,主要消费者生产反应会增强。尽管根据已知的 PPT-ANPP 关系预测,敏感性通常随着降水量的增加而降低,但有证据表明,优势物种的身份和性状影响了次生生产效率。在对干旱年份的敏感性和将 ANPP 转化为 NSP 的效率方面,非本地北部混草草原的表现优于本地中部大平原牧场。要更全面地了解导致生产者和消费者反应差异的机制,需要进行多地点实验来评估多营养水平效率和敏感性的生物和非生物决定因素。
更新日期:2024-05-10
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