This article reviews the literature on the economic impacts of disasters caused by extreme weather and climate events to draw lessons on how societies can better manage these risks. While evidence that richer, better-governed societies suffer less and recover faster from climate extremes suggests adaptation, knowledge gaps remain, and little is known about the efficiency of specific adaptation actions. I review various “no or low” regrets adaptation options that are recommended when uncertainties over climate change impacts are high. I discuss how governments can play an important role in adaptation by directly providing public goods to manage disaster risks or by facilitating private agents’ adaptation responses but also highlight the political economy of policy and coordination failures.

中文翻译：

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极端天气事件和气候变化：经济影响和适应政策


本文回顾了有关极端天气和气候事件造成的灾害对经济影响的文献，以吸取社会如何更好地管理这些风险的经验教训。尽管有证据表明，更富裕、治理更完善的社会遭受的苦难更少，并且从极端气候中恢复得更快，这表明适应措施，但知识差距仍然存在，而且人们对具体适应行动的效率知之甚少。我回顾了当气候变化影响的不确定性很高时推荐的各种“无遗憾或低遗憾”适应方案。我讨论了政府如何通过直接提供公共产品来管理灾害风险或通过促进私人机构的适应反应来在适应中发挥重要作用，同时也强调了政策和协调失败的政治经济学。