The emergence of phase separation phenomena among macromolecules has identified biomolecular condensates as fundamental cellular organizers. These condensates concentrate specific components and accelerate biochemical reactions without relying on membrane boundaries. Although extensive studies have revealed a large variety of nuclear and cytosolic membraneless organelles, we are witnessing a surge in the exploration of protein condensates associated with the membranes of the secretory pathway, such as the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus. This review focuses on protein condensates in the secretory pathway and discusses their impact on the organization and functions of this cellular process. Moreover, we explore the modes of condensate-membrane association and the biophysical and cellular consequences of protein condensate interactions with secretory pathway membranes.

中文翻译：

---

分泌途径中的蛋白质凝聚物：揭示生物物理相互作用和功能

大分子之间相分离现象的出现已将生物分子凝聚体确定为基本的细胞组织者。这些冷凝物浓缩特定成分并加速生化反应，而不依赖于膜边界。尽管广泛的研究已经揭示了多种核和胞质无膜细胞器，但我们正在见证与分泌途径膜（例如内质网和高尔基体）相关的蛋白质凝聚物的探索激增。本综述重点关注分泌途径中的蛋白质浓缩物，并讨论它们对该细胞过程的组织和功能的影响。此外，我们还探索了凝结液-膜结合的模式以及蛋白质凝结液与分泌途径膜相互作用的生物物理和细胞后果。