Currently, the production of nanobiochar (n-BC) using ball milling is a promising and cost-effective method. Studies concerning the physicochemical properties of bulk biochar (b-BC) in relation to pyrolysis temperature, various feedstocks or types of carrier gas have been thoroughly investigated. However, there is a lack of information on how the mentioned conditions determine the properties of the obtained n-BCs. In this study, b-BCs produced from different feedstocks (willow (WL), sewage sludge (SSL), rice husk (RH) and oilseed rape (OSR)), temperatures (450–750 °C) and carrier gases (N or CO) were ball-milled to produce n-BCs. The specific surface area (S), elemental composition (C, H, N, O), morphology (SEM), functional groups (FT-IR), and crystalline and amorphous nature of the carbon (RAMAN) were determined. The size of n-BCs depended on the feedstock used (particles ranged from 30 to 87.9 nm). The type of feedstock mostly determined the properties of n-BCs. The most visible differences between n-BCs and b-BCs were observed for surface properties and C content. For all n-BCs, an S increase was observed after ball milling, which may enhance the adsorption potential of biochar. The most intense S changes were noted for WL-derived n-BCs obtained at 450 °C (increase from 7.2 to 146.3 m/g) and at 750 °C (increase from 3.9 to 160.8 m/g) and for RH-derived n-BCs produced at 550 °C (increase from 3.7 to 158.6 m/g). The C content decreased for n-BCs produced from plant biomass (WL, RH and OSR) and increased (from 20 to 28%) for n-BCs derived from sewage sludge (SSL). Other physicochemical properties mainly depended on the feedstock used for biochar production.

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热解条件和原料类型对球磨所得纳米生物炭的影响

目前，使用球磨生产纳米生物炭（n-BC）是一种有前途且具有成本效益的方法。关于散装生物炭（b-BC）的物理化学性质与热解温度、各种原料或载气类型之间的关系的研究已经进行了深入研究。然而，缺乏关于上述条件如何决定所获得的 n-BC 特性的信息。在这项研究中，b-BCs由不同的原料（柳树（WL）、污水污泥（SSL）、稻壳（RH）和油菜（OSR））、温度（450-750°C）和载气（N2或N2）生产。 CO) 被球磨以生产 n-BC。测定了碳的比表面积 (S)、元素组成 (C、H、N、O)、形态 (SEM)、官能团 (FT-IR) 以及碳的晶态和非晶态性质 (RAMAN)。 n-BC 的尺寸取决于所使用的原料（颗粒范围为 30 至 87.9 nm）。原料的类型主要决定n-BC的性质。 n-BC 和 b-BC 之间最明显的差异是表面性质和 C 含量。对于所有 n-BC，球磨后观察到 S 增加，这可能增强生物炭的吸附潜力。最强烈的 S 变化是在 450 °C（从 7.2 增加到 146.3 m/g）和 750 °C（从 3.9 增加到 160.8 m/g）获得的 WL 衍生的 n-BC 以及 RH 衍生的 n-BC 中发现的。 -550 °C 时产生的BC（从 3.7 增加至 158.6 m/g）。由植物生物质（WL、RH 和 OSR）生产的 n-BC 的碳含量下降，而由污水污泥 (SSL) 生产的 n-BC 的碳含量增加（从 20% 增加到 28%）。其他理化性质主要取决于生物炭生产所用的原料。