Aqueous Zn-based energy storage devices have broad prospects in the direction of large-scale energy storage, but the Zn anode still has problems, such as poor reversibility and unsatisfactory performance at low temperature. Due to the influence of thermodynamics at low temperature, the dissolution of the Zn ion becomes more difficult, which will intensify the growth of Zn dendrites. In this study, amphiphilic-ion Betaine (Bet) was introduced into 2 M ZnSO₄ aqueous electrolyte as an antifreeze to improve the stability of Zn anode at different temperatures. It is found that Bet can not only participate in the solvation structure of the Zn ion but also be adsorbed on the Zn anode surface directionally, ensuring good reaction kinetics at low temperature, which can inhibit the growth of Zn dendrites and improve its electrochemical performance at low temperature. The results show that, due to the introduction of Bet, Zn//Zn symmetric cells can cycle stably for more than 2000 h under 25 °C, and they can also cycle stably for more than 1000 h under an extreme condition of −20 °C. This work provides a reasonable method for the design of low-temperature and high-rate Zn-based energy storage devices.

中文翻译：

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通过疏水亲锌吸附层促进去溶剂化，实现低温稳定的锌阳极


水系锌基储能器件在大规模储能方向具有广阔的前景，但锌负极仍存在可逆性差、低温性能不理想等问题。由于低温下热力学的影响，Zn离子的溶解变得更加困难，这将加剧Zn枝晶的生长。本研究将两亲离子甜菜碱（Bet）引入2 M ZnSO ₄ 水系电解质中作为防冻剂，以提高锌阳极在不同温度下的稳定性。研究发现，Bet不仅可以参与Zn离子的溶剂化结构，而且可以定向吸附在Zn阳极表面，保证了低温下良好的反应动力学，可以抑制Zn枝晶的生长，提高其在低温下的电化学性能。低温。结果表明，由于Bet的引入，Zn//Zn对称电池可以在25℃下稳定循环2000h以上，在-20℃极端条件下也可以稳定循环1000h以上。 C。该工作为低温高倍率锌基储能器件的设计提供了合理的方法。