The discovery of the transient Jupiter co-orbital comet P/2019 LD2 (ATLAS) drew significant interest. Not only will LD2 transition between being a Centaur and a Jupiter-family comet (JFC) in 2063, the first time this process can be observed as it happens, it is also very active for its large heliocentric distance. We present observations and orbital integrations of the newly discovered transient Jupiter co-orbital comet P/2023 V6 (PANSTARRS), the second such object known. Despite similar modern orbits, V6 is significantly (15×) less active than LD2 and most JFCs as determined via Af ρ measurements at the same R _H . We find that V6 is co-orbital between 2020 and 2044, twice the duration of LD2, but it will not become a JFC soon. We interpret these differences in activity as evolutionary, with V6 having lost a significant fraction of its near-surface ice compared to LD2 by previously being warmer. While V6's pre-encounter orbit was somewhat warmer than LD2's, future thermal modeling will be needed to understand if this can explain their differences or if a more significant difference further into the past is required. This is more evidence that LD2 is a pristine and ice-rich object, and thus it may display very strong activity when it becomes a JFC. We use the differences between V6 and LD2 to discuss the interpretation of cometary activity at large heliocentric distances as well as the small end of the cratering record of the Galilean satellites. Continuing observations of both objects are highly encouraged.

中文翻译：

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木星共轨彗星 P/2023 V6 (PANSTARRS)：轨道历史和现代活动状态


短暂的木星共轨彗星 P/2019 LD2 (ATLAS) 的发现引起了人们的极大兴趣。 LD2 不仅会在 2063 年在半人马座彗星和木星族彗星 (JFC) 之间转变（这是第一次可以观测到这一过程），而且由于其较大的日心距离，它也非常活跃。我们展示了新发现的瞬态木星共轨彗星 P/2023 V6 (PANSTARRS) 的观测和轨道积分，这是第二个已知的此类天体。尽管现代轨道相似，但通过相同 R _H 处的 Af ρ 测量确定，V6 的活性明显低于 LD2 和大多数 JFC（15 倍）。我们发现V6在2020年至2044年间共轨，是LD2持续时间的两倍，但它不会很快成为JFC。我们将这些活动差异解释为进化的结果，与 LD2 相比，V6 由于之前温度升高而损失了很大一部分近地表冰。虽然 V6 的相遇前轨道比 LD2 的轨道要热一些，但未来的热模型将需要了解这是否可以解释它们的差异，或者是否需要更远的过去的显着差异。这更加证明LD2是一个原始且富含冰的天体，因此当它成为JFC时可能会表现出非常强的活动。我们利用 V6 和 LD2 之间的差异来讨论大日心距离处的彗星活动以及伽利略卫星陨石坑记录的小端的解释。强烈鼓励对这两个物体进行持续观察。