Acute lung injury (ALI) poses a significant and escalating medical challenge, where precise diagnosis and timely intervention hold utmost importance in halting its deterioration. Nevertheless, persistent obstacles arise from the lack of agents proficient in both real‐time diagnosis and efficient mitigation of ALI. Here, a biocatalytic and second near‐infrared (NIR‐II) fluorescence‐illuminating nanoplatform is designed to simultaneously facilitate real‐time monitoring and robust inflammation alleviation in ALI. The study first develops a new aggregation‐induced emission luminogen with trifluoromethyl substitutions, which simultaneously increase NIR‐II emission wavelength and fluorescence brightness. The molecular probe is further integrated into biocatalytic hollow ceria nanostructures, and cloaked with pre‐activated macrophage membranes for targeted inflammation intervention. Upon inhalation administration in ALI mice, the theranostic nanoagents leverage the bright NIR‐II emission and active inflammation‐tropic properties for in vivo sensitive NIR‐II imaging of ALI, which also facilitates real‐time tracking of the nanoagents’ distribution and dynamic fate within pneumonia milieu. Concurrently, the catalytic prowess of the nanoplatforms efficaciously scavenges excess reactive oxygen species, dampens proinflammatory cytokines, and promotes macrophage repolarization, substantially alleviating acute lung damage. The multifaceted nanoplatform integrates NIR‐II bioimaging with nanocatalysis‐mediated immunoregulation, offering a versatile and promising approach for addressing the intricate challenges posed by acute inflammation diseases.

中文翻译：

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吸入式 NIR-II 纳米催化剂用于急性肺损伤的实时监测和免疫调节治疗

急性肺损伤（ALI）带来了重大且不断升级的医疗挑战，精确诊断和及时干预对于阻止其恶化至关重要。然而，由于缺乏精通实时诊断和有效缓解 ALI 的代理，持续存在的障碍出现了。在此，设计了生物催化和第二近红外 (NIR-II) 荧光照明纳米平台，以同时促进 ALI 的实时监测和强有力的炎症缓解。该研究首先开发了一种具有三氟甲基取代的新型聚集诱导发射发光体，可同时增加 NIR-II 发射波长和荧光亮度。该分子探针进一步整合到生物催化中空二氧化铈纳米结构中，并覆盖有预激活的巨噬细胞膜，用于有针对性的炎症干预。在 ALI 小鼠中吸入给药后，治疗诊断纳米药物利用明亮的 NIR-II 发射和活性炎症倾向特性进行 ALI 体内敏感的 NIR-II 成像，这也有利于实时跟踪纳米药物在体内的分布和动态命运。肺炎环境。同时，纳米平台的催化能力可有效清除过量的活性氧，抑制促炎细胞因子，并促进巨噬细胞复极化，从而大大减轻急性肺损伤。多层面的纳米平台将 NIR-II 生物成像与纳米催化介导的免疫调节相结合，为解决急性炎症疾病带来的复杂挑战提供了一种多功能且有前景的方法。