The direct detection of gravitational waves (GWs) of frequencies above MHz has recently received considerable attention. In this work, we present a precise study of the reach of a cubic cavity resonator to GWs in the microwave range, using for the first time tools allowing to perform realistic simulations. Concretely, the boundary integral—resonant mode expansion (BI-RME) 3D method, which allows us to obtain not only the detected power but also the detected voltage (magnitude and phase), is used here. After analyzing three cubic cavities for different frequencies and working simultaneously with three different degenerate modes at each cavity, we conclude that the sensitivity of the experiment is strongly dependent on the polarization and incidence angle of the GW. The presented experiment can reach sensitivities up to $1\times {10}^{-19}$ at 100 MHz, $2\times {10}^{-20}$ at 1 GHz, and $6\times {10}^{-19}$ at 10 GHz for optimal angles and polarizations, and where in all cases we assumed an integration time of $\mathrm{\Delta }t=1\mathrm{ms}$. These results provide a strong case for further developing the use of cavities to detect GWs. Moreover, the possibility of analyzing the detected voltage (magnitude and phase) opens a new interferometric detection scheme based on the combination of the detected signals from multiple cavities.

中文翻译：

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用于微波频率范围引力波探测的立方腔谐振器的研究

MHz以上频率的引力波（GW）的直接探测最近受到了相当多的关注。在这项工作中，我们首次使用允许执行真实模拟的工具，对立方腔谐振器在微波范围内到达引力波的范围进行了精确研究。具体来说，这里使用边界积分-谐振模式展开（BI-RME）3D方法，该方法不仅可以获取检测到的功率，还可以获取检测到的电压（幅度和相位）。在分析了不同频率的三个立方腔并同时在每个腔处使用三种不同的简并模式工作后，我们得出结论，实验的灵敏度很大程度上取决于引力波的偏振和入射角。所提出的实验可以达到灵敏度高达$1\times {10}^{-19}$在 100 MHz 时，$2\times {10}^{-20}$在 1 GHz 时，以及$6\times {10}^{-19}$在 10 GHz 下获得最佳角度和偏振，并且在所有情况下我们假设积分时间为$\mathrm{\Delta }t=1\mathrm{多发性硬化症}$。这些结果为进一步开发利用空腔检测引力波提供了有力的依据。此外，分析检测到的电压（幅度和相位）的可能性开辟了一种基于来自多个腔的检测到的信号的组合的新的干涉检测方案。