ZnSO₄-based electrolytes for aqueous zinc ion batteries fail to meet practical application metrics due to hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and dendrite growth. In this work, a highly polarized eutectic additive, glycerophosphorylcholine (GPC) is rationally designed, to regulate the electric double layer (EDL) structure for stable Zn anodes with a high depth of discharge (DOD). On one hand, GPC molecules with abundant hydroxyl groups can precisely regulate the hydrogen bond network in EDL to suppress HER. On the other hand, the enrichment of GPC at the interface is positively responsible for the negative charge density on the Zn surface, which leads to the formation of a robust Zn_xP_yO_z-rich solid–electrolyte interphase and terminates dendrite growth in the charge-rich sites. This EDL-oriented eutectic additive engineering enables highly reversible and selectively (002)-textured Zn anodes to operate for over 1450 h at a high DOD of 45.3%. Meanwhile, a high-capacity (185.7 mAh g⁻¹) aqueous Zn||VS₂ full cell shows remarkable cycling stability over 220 cycles with an excellent capacity retention of 90.4% even at a low current density of 0.1 A g⁻¹ (0.5 C). This work sheds light on electrolyte design and interface engineering for high-performance aqueous batteries.

中文翻译：

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高放电深度稳定锌阳极的双电层取向共晶添加剂设计


由于析氢反应 (HER) 和枝晶生长，用于水性锌离子电池的 ZnSO ₄ 基电解质无法满足实际应用指标。在这项工作中，合理设计了一种高极化共晶添加剂甘油磷酸胆碱（GPC），以调节双电层（EDL）结构，以获得具有高放电深度（DOD）的稳定锌阳极。一方面，具有丰富羟基的GPC分子可以精确调控EDL中的氢键网络，从而抑制HER。另一方面，GPC在界面处的富集对Zn表面的负电荷密度有正向影响，从而导致形成坚固的Zn _x P _y O _z 富含固体电解质界面并终止富含电荷位点的枝晶生长。这种面向 EDL 的共晶添加剂工程使高度可逆和选择性 (002) 织构的 Zn 阳极能够在 45.3% 的高 DOD 下运行超过 1450 小时。同时，高容量（185.7 mAh g ⁻¹ ）水性 Zn||VS ₂ 全电池在 220 个循环中表现出卓越的循环稳定性，即使在0.1 A g ⁻¹ (0.5 C) 的低电流密度。这项工作为高性能水系电池的电解质设计和界面工程提供了线索。