Anodes that engage in conversion as well as alloying reactions are highly attractive candidates for sodium/potassium-ion batteries (SIBs and PIBs) because of their high theoretical specific capacities. Herein, Tin sulphide@reduced graphene oxide (SnS nanopetal@rGO) composite material is investigated as an advanced anode material for SIBs and PIBs. In this work, a simple hydrothermal synthesis of ultrathin SnS nanopetals covalently decorated on the surface of rGO is demonstrated as an anode material for SIBs and PIBs. The as prepared SnS@rGO displays an initial charge capacity of 749 (at 0.2 A ) and 852 mAh (at 0.1 A ) for SIBs and PIBs respectively. The SnS@rGO hybrid exhibited excellent cycle life which is attributed to the introduction of rGO in the composite as well as the in-built formed C-S bond. Moreover, the rGO matrix, firmly anchored with C–S bonds, envelops the outer SnS, effectively inhibiting direct contact between SnS and the electrolyte. These combined effects contribute to impede the irreversible conversion of sulfur to sulfite, thus ensuring excellent structural stability throughout electrochemical cycling. The well-engineered nanoarchitecture not only guarantees the fast electrode kinetics, but also confirms excellent pseudo capacitance contribution during repetitive cycles which is confirmed by kinetic studies. Thus, SnS@rGO is found to be a most promising electrode for sodium/potassium-ion batteries.

中文翻译：

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还原氧化石墨烯负载的硫化锡纳米花瓣作为钠/钾离子电池阳极材料的异质结构：C-S键形成的证据


参与转化和合金化反应的阳极由于其高理论比容量而成为钠/钾离子电池（SIB 和 PIB）极具吸引力的候选者。在此，研究了硫化锡@还原氧化石墨烯（SnS nanopetal@rGO）复合材料作为SIB和PIB的先进阳极材料。在这项工作中，通过简单的水热合成方法，将共价修饰在 rGO 表面的超薄 SnS 纳米花瓣作为 SIB 和 PIB 的阳极材料。所制备的 SnS@rGO 对于 SIB 和 PIB 的初始充电容量分别为 749 mAh（0.2 A 时）和 852 mAh（0.1 A 时）。 SnS@rGO 杂化材料表现出优异的循环寿命，这归因于复合材料中引入的 rGO 以及内置的 C-S 键。此外，rGO基质通过C-S键牢固锚定，包围外部SnS，有效抑制SnS与电解质之间的直接接触。这些综合作用有助于阻止硫不可逆地转化为亚硫酸盐，从而确保整个电化学循环过程中优异的结构稳定性。精心设计的纳米结构不仅保证了快速的电极动力学，而且还证实了在重复循环过程中出色的赝电容贡献，这已通过动力学研究证实。因此，SnS@rGO 被认为是钠/钾离子电池最有前途的电极。