Polyaniline (PANI) has emerged as a promising electrode material for supercapacitors due to its low cost and high specific capacitance. However, during the charge and discharge process, PANI undergoes volume changes, leading to structural damage at the molecular level. This results in material pulverization, causing a loss of electronic contact with the electrode and, consequently, a decrease in capacitance. In this study, we employed ultrasonication-assisted growth of PANI on super-P (PANI/SP-US) to enhance the structural stability. At 1 A g, a high specific capacitance of 639 F g was achieved. After 5000 charge-discharge cycles at 2 A g, the material retained 75.9% of its capacitance. More importantly, we further developed an effective strategy to incorporate a self-healing polymer (SHP) to fabricate a self-healing electrode. Due to the self-healing ability, the pulverized PANI/SP-US was able to be reconnected and restore electronic contact with the electrode substrate, thereby regaining specific capacitance and achieving excellent cycle life. The sphere-like shape of PANI/SP-US is also of benefit to the self-healing process. Symmetric and asymmetric self-healing devices based on PANI/SP-US and the self-healing polymer exhibited outstanding cyclic stability, retaining 107.9% and 108% of their capacitance, respectively, after 10,000 cycles at 2 A g. The self-healing device also exhibits good flexibility under bending, folding deformations. In addition, the device also shows good capacitance retention as the temperature shifted from 50°C to 0°C. This work underscores the significance of microstructure self-repair in enhancing cyclic stability and extends the application of self-healing devices to flexible and variable-temperature conditions.

中文翻译：

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基于聚苯胺/SP的自愈超级电容器实现了长循环寿命


聚苯胺（PANI）由于其低成本和高比电容而成为一种有前途的超级电容器电极材料。然而，在充放电过程中，PANI会发生体积变化，导致分子水平的结构破坏。这会导致材料粉碎，导致与电极的电子接触损失，从而导致电容下降。在本研究中，我们采用超声波辅助 PANI 在 super-P (PANI/SP-US) 上生长，以增强结构稳定性。在 1 A g-1 时，实现了 639 F g 的高比电容。在 2 A g-1 下进行 5000 次充放电循环后，该材料保留了 75.9% 的电容。更重要的是，我们进一步开发了一种有效的策略，结合自修复聚合物（SHP）来制造自修复电极。由于具有自愈能力，粉碎后的PANI/SP-US能够重新连接并恢复与电极基材的电子接触，从而恢复比电容并实现优异的循环寿命。 PANI/SP-US 的球形形状也有利于自修复过程。基于PANI/SP-US和自修复聚合物的对称和非对称自修复器件表现出出色的循环稳定性，在2 A g-1循环10,000次后分别保留了107.9%和108%的电容。该自修复装置在弯曲、折叠变形下也表现出良好的柔韧性。此外，当温度从 50°C 变为 0°C 时，该器件还表现出良好的电容保持能力。这项工作强调了微结构自修复在增强循环稳定性方面的重要性，并将自修复装置的应用扩展到灵活和可变的温度条件。