In the context of carbon neutrality, bio-based and biodegradable materials have attracted extensive research efforts and have been recognized as promising alternatives to petroleum-based materials in various industrial fields. Biopolymer nanofiber materials, featuring biodegradability, biocompatibility, sustainability, flexibility, high porosity, and functionality, are promising candidates for constructing practical platforms for solving energy, environmental, and biomedical issues. In this comprehensive review, we focused on the recent pioneering developments in the synthesis, preparation, and functionalization of sustainable nanofiber materials based on natural biopolymers (starch, cellulose, chitosan, etc.) and synthetic biodegradable polymers (polylactic acid, polycaprolactone, etc.) for energy, environmental, and biomedical applications. First, we briefly introduce the intrinsic component, structure, properties, and life cycle of biopolymers. The fabrication protocols of nanofiber platforms based on these typical biopolymers are then summarized, followed by presenting the intriguing structures, morphologies, and properties of biopolymer 1D nanofibers, 2D membranes, and 3D sponges/aerogels. We further systematically summarize the structure–function correlations and proof-of-concept demonstrations of bio-nanofiber platforms for energy storage and conversion, gas filtration and separation, oil–water separation, water treatment, and biomedical applications. Finally, the review provides a future perspective on the development of biological fibers.

中文翻译：

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生物基和生物可降解纳米纤维材料：能源、环境和生物医学应用的可持续平台


在碳中和的背景下，生物基和生物可降解材料吸引了广泛的研究工作，并被认为是各个工业领域中石油基材料的有前景的替代品。生物聚合物纳米纤维材料具有生物可降解性、生物相容性、可持续性、灵活性、高孔隙率和功能性，是构建解决能源、环境和生物医学问题的实用平台的有希望的候选材料。在这篇综合综述中，我们重点关注了基于天然生物聚合物（淀粉、纤维素、壳聚糖等）和合成可生物降解聚合物（聚乳酸、聚己内酯等）的可持续纳米纤维材料的合成、制备和功能化的最新开拓性发展。 ）用于能源、环境和生物医学应用。首先，我们简要介绍了生物聚合物的内在成分、结构、性能和生命周期。然后总结了基于这些典型生物聚合物的纳米纤维平台的制造方案，随后介绍了生物聚合物一维纳米纤维、2D 膜和 3D 海绵/气凝胶的有趣结构、形态和性能。我们进一步系统地总结了用于能量存储和转换、气体过滤和分离、油水分离、水处理和生物医学应用的生物纳米纤维平台的结构-功能相关性和概念验证演示。最后，该综述提供了生物纤维发展的未来前景。