In addition to conventional chemoradiation and targeted cancer therapy, the use of immune based therapies, specifically immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy (CAR-T), has increased exponentially across a wide spectrum of cancers. This has been paralleled by recognition of off-target immune related adverse events that can affect almost any organ system including the cardiovascular system. The use of ICIs has been associated with myocarditis, a less common but highly fatal adverse effect, pericarditis and pericardial effusions, vasculitis, thromboembolism, and potentially accelerated atherosclerosis. CAR-T resulting in a systemic cytokine release syndrome has been associated with myriad cardiovascular consequences including arrhythmias, myocardial infarction, and heart failure. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge regarding adverse cardiovascular effects associated with ICIs and CAR-T.

中文翻译：

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癌症免疫疗法的心血管毒性

除了传统的放化疗和靶向癌症治疗之外，基于免疫的疗法，特别是免疫检查点抑制剂 (ICIs) 和嵌合抗原受体 T 细胞疗法 (CAR-T) 的使用在多种癌症中呈指数级增长。与此同时，人们还认识到脱靶免疫相关不良事件可能影响几乎所有器官系统，包括心血管系统。 ICI 的使用与心肌炎（一种不太常见但高度致命的不良反应）、心包炎和心包积液、血管炎、血栓栓塞以及可能加速动脉粥样硬化有关。 CAR-T 导致全身细胞因子释放综合征，与多种心血管后果相关，包括心律失常、心肌梗塞和心力衰竭。本综述总结了与 ICI 和 CAR-T 相关的心血管不良影响的当前知识状况。