The ubiquitous presence of micro/nanoplastics (MNPs) in the environment poses high potential risks to living organisms and ecosystems. Wetlands are important sinks for MNPs, which can impact the ecological and environmental functions of wetland systems. However, the responses of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from wetlands to MNPs have rarely been evaluated. A multilevel meta-analysis was conducted to assess the effect of MNPs on GHG (CO, CH, and NO) emissions from wetlands. The results showed that the presence of MNPs generally led to increases in GHG emissions from wetlands, especially NO emissions. MNP type and exposure dose were the decisive factors influencing wetland GHG emissions, with CO and NO emissions stimulated by biodegradable MNPs made of polylactic acid and by a high MNP dose of 1–2%, while polystyrene reduced CO and NO emissions, and a low MNP dose of less than 0.5% increased CH emissions. CO emissions from the sediment of coastal wetlands were more sensitive to MNP pollution, while CH emissions from the sediment of freshwater wetlands were significantly increased by MNP pollution. Furthermore, microbial diversity and the number of carbon–nitrogen cycling functional genes associated with GHG emissions in wetlands were increased by MNPs. More research on the effect of MNPs on GHG emissions from wetlands over a longer time is needed, especially in real wetland ecosystems with aquatic organisms.

中文翻译：

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微/纳米塑料污染异质性增加了湿地温室气体排放：多层次荟萃分析


环境中普遍存在的微/纳米塑料（MNP）对生物体和生态系统构成了很高的潜在风险。湿地是MNP的重要汇，会影响湿地系统的生态和环境功能。然而，湿地温室气体（GHG）排放对 MNP 的反应却很少被评估。进行了多层次荟萃分析，以评估 MNP 对湿地温室气体（CO、CH 和 NO）排放的影响。结果表明，MNPs的存在通常会导致湿地温室气体排放增加，特别是NO排放增加。 MNP 类型和暴露剂量是影响湿地温室气体排放的决定性因素，由聚乳酸制成的可生物降解 MNP 以及 1-2% 的高 MNP 剂量会刺激 CO 和 NO 排放，而聚苯乙烯则减少 CO 和 NO 排放，而低浓度的 MNP 会刺激 CO 和 NO 排放。低于 0.5% 的 MNP 剂量会增加 CH 排放。滨海湿地沉积物CO排放对MNP污染更为敏感，而淡水湿地沉积物CH排放则显着增加MNP污染。此外，MNP 还增加了湿地微生物多样性和与温室气体排放相关的碳氮循环功能基因的数量。需要对 MNP 在较长时间内对湿地温室气体排放的影响进行更多研究，特别是在有水生生物的真实湿地生态系统中。