SummaryIn plants, growth and defence are controlled by many molecular pathways that are antagonistic to one another. This results in a ‘growth‐defence trade‐off’, where plants temporarily reduce growth in response to pests or diseases. Due to this antagonism, genetic variants that improve resistance often reduce growth and vice versa. Therefore, in natural populations, the most disease resistant individuals are often the slowest growing. In crops, slow growth may translate into a yield penalty, but resistance is essential for protecting yield in the presence of disease. Therefore, plant breeders must balance these traits to ensure optimal yield potential and yield stability. In crops, both qualitative and quantitative disease resistance are often linked with genetic variants that cause yield penalties, but this is not always the case. Furthermore, both crop yield and disease resistance are complex traits influenced by many aspects of the plant's physiology, morphology and environment, and the relationship between the molecular growth‐defence trade‐off and disease resistance‐yield antagonism is not well‐understood. In this article, we highlight research from the last 2 years on the molecular mechanistic basis of the antagonism between defence and growth. We then discuss the interaction between disease resistance and crop yield from a breeding perspective, outlining the complexity and nuances of this relationship and where research can aid practical methods for simultaneous improvement of yield potential and disease resistance.

中文翻译：

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作物抗病性与产量之间的复杂关系

摘要在植物中，生长和防御是由许多彼此拮抗的分子途径控制的。这导致了“生长与防御的权衡”，即植物因害虫或疾病而暂时减少生长。由于这种拮抗作用，提高抵抗力的基因变异通常会降低生长，反之亦然。因此，在自然种群中，抗病能力最强的个体往往生长最慢。在农作物中，生长缓慢可能会导致产量下降，但抗性对于在疾病存在时保护产量至关重要。因此，植物育种者必须平衡这些性状，以确保最佳的产量潜力和产量稳定性。在农作物中，定性和定量的抗病性通常与导致产量下降的基因变异有关，但情况并非总是如此。此外，作物产量和抗病性都是复杂的性状，受到植物生理、形态和环境许多方面的影响，分子生长-防御权衡与抗病性-产量拮抗之间的关系尚不清楚。在本文中，我们重点介绍了过去两年关于防御和生长之间拮抗作用的分子机制基础的研究。然后，我们从育种角度讨论抗病性与作物产量之间的相互作用，概述这种关系的复杂性和细微差别，以及研究可以帮助同时提高产量潜力和抗病性的实用方法。