Soft actuators possessing notable mechanical deformations, high sensitivity, and fast response speed play a crucial role in various applications, such as artificial muscles, soft robots, and intelligent devices. In this study, a smart humidity-driven actuator was successfully fabricated by utilizing MXene/cellulose nanofiber (CNF)/LiCl (MCL) through vacuum-assisted filtration with fast response speed and high sensitivity. Utilizing the excellent humidity responsiveness of MXene/CNF and the robust hygroscopicity of LiCl, the synergistic effect of these materials enhances the hygroscopic properties and response speed of the actuator. The MCL actuator demonstrates excellent actuation performance, fast deformation, and reliable cyclic stability. To illustrate the extensive potential of the soft actuator, a range of applications, from bionic devices to soft grippers and crawling actuators, are showcased. Remarkably, the crawling actuator demonstrates sustained crawling motion without necessitating a humidity switch, relying on the humidity gradient from water droplets, and exhibits spontaneous directional motions within a certain range, which makes it a promising prospect in the field of soft robotics.

中文翻译：

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基于 MXene 的软湿度驱动执行器，具有高灵敏度和快速响应


软执行器具有显着的机械变形、高灵敏度和快速响应速度，在人造肌肉、软机器人和智能设备等各种应用中发挥着至关重要的作用。本研究利用MXene/纤维素纳米纤维（CNF）/LiCl（MCL）通过真空辅助过滤成功制备了智能湿度驱动执行器，具有响应速度快、灵敏度高的特点。利用MXene/CNF优异的湿度响应性和LiCl强大的吸湿性，这些材料的协同效应增强了执行器的吸湿性能和响应速度。 MCL执行器表现出优异的驱动性能、快速变形和可靠的循环稳定性。为了说明软执行器的广泛潜力，展示了从仿生设备到软抓手和爬行执行器的一系列应用。值得注意的是，爬行执行器无需湿度开关，依靠水滴的湿度梯度即可表现出持续的爬行运动，并在一定范围内表现出自发的定向运动，这使其在软机器人领域具有广阔的前景。