Global interest and investment in nature‐based solutions (NbS) are rapidly increasing because of the potential of this approach to concurrently counter biodiversity loss, provide cost‐effective measures for climate change adaptations, and maintain natural processes that underpin human health and wellbeing. Recognition is growing that grasslands in many regions will protect carbon stores more effectively than forests in the warmer, drier, more fire‐prone conditions of the future while also serving as hotspots for biodiversity. Yet grasslands have received less attention for their NbS potential. Despite the wide‐ranging goals of this approach, many investments in nature‐based solutions also have focused narrowly on using plants to meet climate pledges, often without considering plant interactions with herbivores and the abiotic environment that jointly control ecosystem functioning and underpin the success of nature‐based solutions. Here, we review the roles that large and small vertebrate and invertebrate herbivores play in the ability of the world's grasslands to provide nature‐based solutions, with a focus on wild herbivore impacts on biodiversity and carbon storage. Synthesis. Planning for nature‐based solutions with a holistic, ecologically informed view that includes the role of herbivores and their interaction with plants and the environment will allow NbS investments to more likely achieve successful, sustainable outcomes.

中文翻译：

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规划未来：草原、食草动物和基于自然的解决方案


全球对基于自然的解决方案（NbS）的兴趣和投资正在迅速增加，因为这种方法具有同时应对生物多样性丧失、为适应气候变化提供具有成本效益的措施以及维持支撑人类健康和福祉的自然过程的潜力。人们越来越认识到，在未来更温暖、更干燥、更容易发生火灾的条件下，许多地区的草原将比森林更有效地保护碳储存，同时也将成为生物多样性的热点。然而，草原因其 NbS 潜力而受到的关注较少。尽管这种方法有广泛的目标，但许多基于自然的解决方案的投资也狭隘地集中在利用植物来履行气候承诺，往往没有考虑植物与食草动物的相互作用以及共同控制生态系统功能并支撑生态系统成功的非生物环境。基于自然的解决方案。在这里，我们回顾了大型和小型脊椎动物和无脊椎动物食草动物在世界草原提供基于自然的解决方案的能力中所发挥的作用，重点关注野生食草动物对生物多样性和碳储存的影响。合成。以全面、生态的视角规划基于自然的解决方案，包括食草动物的作用及其与植物和环境的相互作用，将使 NbS 投资更有可能取得成功、可持续的成果。