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Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics

Volume 13, 2022

Topological Magnets: Functions Based on Berry Phase and Multipoles

Abstract

Macroscopic responses of magnets are often governed by magnetization and, thus, have been restricted to ferromagnets. However, such responses are strikingly large in the newly developed topological magnets, breaking the conventional scaling with magnetization. Taking the recently discovered antiferromagnetic (AF) Weyl semimetals as a prime example, we highlight the two central ingredients driving the significant macroscopic responses: the Berry curvature enhanced because of nontrivial band topology in momentum space, and the cluster magnetic multipoles in real space. The combination of large Berry curvature and multipoles enables large macroscopic responses such as the anomalous Hall and Nernst effects, the magneto-optical effect, and the novel magnetic spin Hall effect in antiferromagnets with negligible net magnetization, but also allows us to manipulate these effects by electrical means. Furthermore, nodal-point and nodal-line semimetallic states in ferromagnets may provide the strongly enhanced Berry curvature near the Fermi energy, leading to large responses beyond the conventional magnetization scaling. These significant properties and functions of the topological magnets lay the foundation for future technological development such as spintronics and thermoelectric technology.

Keyword(s): anomalous Hall effect, anomalous Nernst effect, antiferromagnetic spintronics, magneto-optical effect, spin Hall effect, thermoelectric magnet, thermoelectric technology, Weyl semimetal
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/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-031620-103859
2022-03-10
2024-06-12
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Topological Magnets: Functions Based on Berry Phase and Multipoles
Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics 13, 119 (2022); https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-031620-103859
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-031620-103859
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