Abstract
Automation has profoundly transformed the operational landscape of companies across various industries. As organizations strive to adapt to this rapidly evolving technology, it becomes crucial for practitioners worldwide to identify the most suitable automation tools and solutions for their unique business needs. A systematic literature review serves as a valuable tool to gain a deeper understanding of the historical context of automation and to explore previous findings in this field. This study aims to provide an extensive literary overview of the history of automation spanning the years from 1966 to 2021. In this research, a combination of bibliometric, conceptual, and theoretical network analysis methodologies are employed, with the aid of VOSviewer software, to analyze and visualize the patterns within the existing body of automation literature. By utilizing bibliometric analysis, this study will map the key scholarly contributions and identify the main research themes and concepts. The findings of this systematic literature review will provide insights into the historical progression of automation research and its interdisciplinary nature, highlighting the significant milestones, emerging trends, and knowledge gaps in the field. Building upon these findings, the study will propose a research agenda to advance the scholarly debate on automation.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ajzen I (1991) The theory of planned behavior. Organ Behav Hum Decis Process 50(2):179–211
Altaf Y (2022) An overview of AI-powered marketing automation. Forbes Magazine. https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbestechcouncil/2022/10/26/an-overview-of-ai-powered-marketing-automation/?sh=4c5bfa2d6e83
Anyanwu K, Sheth A, Cardoso J, Miller J, Kochut K (2003) Healthcare enterprise process development and integration. J Res Pract Inf Technol 35(2):83–98
Avlonitis G, Pangopoulous N (2010) Effective implementation of sales-based CRM systems: theoretical and practical issues. Int J Custom Relat Market Manag 1(1):1–15
Baker D (2014) Social influence and contextual utilization of customer relationship management technology in an international field sales organization. J Relat Market 13:263–285
Balakrishnan J, Dwivedi YK (2021) Role of cognitive absorption in building user trust and experience. Psychol Mark 38(4):643–668
Batova M, Baranov V, Mayorov S (2021) Automation of economic activity management of high-tech structures of innovation-oriented clusters. J Ind Integr Manag 6(01):15–30
Becker J, Delfmann P, Eggert M, Schwittay S (2012) Generalizability and applicability of model-based business process compliance-checking. Bus Res off Open Access J VHB 5(2):221–247
Becker J, Delfmann P, Dietrich HA, Steinhorst M, Eggert M (2016) Business process compliance checking—applying and evaluating a generic pattern matching approach for conceptual models in the financial sector. Inf Syst Front 18(2):359–405
Benner MJ (2017) Industry 4.0: managing the digital transformation. In: Proceedings of the 2017 international conference on manufacturing and engineering science. IEEE, pp 43–47. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICMES.2017.33
Biegel B (2009) The current view and outlook for the future of marketing automation. J Direct Data Digit Mark Pract 10(3):201–213
Bortolotti T, Romano P (2012) ‘Lean first, then automate’: a framework for process improvement in pure service companies. A case study. Prod Plann Control 23(7):513–522
Brintrup A, Ranasinghe D, McFarlane D (2010) RFID opportunity analysis for leaner manufacturing. Int J Prod Res 48(9):2745–2764. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207540903156517
Büchi G, Cugno M, Castagnoli R (2020) Smart factory performance and industry 4.0. Technol Forecast Soc Change 150:119790. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2019.119790
Byrd TA, Pitts JP, Adrian AM, Davidson NW (2008) Examination of a path model relating information technology infrastructure with firm performance. J Bus Logist 29(2):161–187
Cao M, Luo X, Luo XR, Dai X (2015) Automated negotiation for e-commerce decision making: a goal deliberated agent architecture for multi-strategy selection. Decis Support Syst 73:1–14
Castro-Lacouture D, Skibniewski MJ (2003) Applicability of E-work models for the automation of construction materials management systems. Prod Plan Control 14(8):789–797. https://doi.org/10.1080/09537280310001647869
Chang SE, Chen Y, Lu M (2019) Supply chain re-engineering using blockchain technology: a case of smart contract-based tracking process. Technol Forecast Soc Change 144:1–11
Chao G, Hurst E, Shockley R (2018) The evolution of process automation: moving beyond basic robotics to intelligent interactions. IBM Institute for Business Value. chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://www.ibm.com/downloads/cas/QAQMRGVN
McKinsey & Company (2021) The automation imperative for business operations: getting the most out of your automation investments. Retrieved from https://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/operations/our-insights/the-automation-imperative-for-business-operations-getting-the-most-out-of-your-automation-investments
Cristani M, Bertolaso A, Scannapieco S, Tomazzoli C (2018) Future paradigms of automated processing of business documents. Int J Inf Manag 40:67–75
Dash R, McMurtrey M, Rebman C, Kar UK (2019) Application of artificial intelligence in automation of supply chain management. J Strateg Innov Sustain 14(3):43–53
Davenport TH (2018) From analytics to artificial intelligence. J Bus Anal 1(2):73–80
Davenport TH, Kirby J (2015) Beyond automation. Harv Bus Rev 93(6):58–65
Davenport T, Guha A, Grewal D, Bressgott T (2020) How artificial intelligence will change the future of marketing. J Acad Mark Sci 48:24–42
Davidrajuh R (2003) Modeling and implementation of supplier selection procedures for e-commerce initiatives. Ind Manag Data Syst 103(1):28–38
De Reuver M, Bouwman H, Haaker T (2013) Business model roadmapping: a practical approach to come from an existing to a desired business model. Int J Innov Manag 17(01):1340006
Dey S, Das A (2019) Robotic process automation: assessment of the technology for transformation of business processes. Int J Bus Process Integr Manag 9(3):220–230
Ding B, Ferras Hernandez X, Agell Jane N (2021) Combining lean and agile manufacturing competitive advantages through Industry 4.0 technologies: an integrative approach. Prod Plann Control 1–17:442–458
Du TC (2009) Building an automatic e-tendering system on the semantic web. Decis Support Syst 47(1):13–21
Dunk AS (1992) Reliance on budgetary control, manufacturing process automation and production subunit performance: a research note. Acc Organ Soc 17(3–4):195–203. https://doi.org/10.1016/0361-3682(92)90020-s
Eck NJV, Waltman L (2009) How to normalize cooccurrence data? An analysis of some well-known similarity measures. J Am Soc Inform Sci Technol 60(8):1635–1651
Emerald L (1993) Industrial management & data systems. Ind Manag Data Syst 93(5):1–31. https://doi.org/10.1108/eb057531
Emerald L (2008) Operations and production management. Int J Oper Prod Manag. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijopm.2008.02428eaf.001
Engle RL, Barnes ML (2020) Supply chain re-engineering using blockchain technology: a case of smart contract-based tracking process. J Bus Ind Market 15(4):216–241. https://doi.org/10.1108/08858620010335083
Ferreira C, Robertson J (2020) Examining the boundaries of entrepreneurial marketing: a bibliographic analysis. J Res Mark Entrepreneurship 22(2):161–180
Frey CB, Osborne MA (2017) The future of employment: how susceptible are jobs to computerisation?. Technol Forecast Soc Chang 114:254–280
Galati F, Bigliardi B (2019) Industry 4.0: emerging themes and future research avenues using a text mining approach. Comput Ind 109:100–113
Galende J (2006) Analysis of technological innovation from business economics and management. Technovation 26(3):300–311. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2005.04.006
Gozman D, Currie W (2014) The role of Investment Management Systems in regulatory compliance: a Post-Financial Crisis study of displacement mechanisms. J Inf Technol 29(1):44–58
Heinrich B, Klier M (2015) Metric-based data quality assessment—developing and evaluating a probability-based currency metric. Decis Support Syst 72:82–96
Helo P, Szekely B (2005) Logistics information systems: an analysis of software solutions for supply chain co-ordination. Ind Manag Data Syst 105:5–18
Herm LV, Janiesch C, Helm A, Imgrund F, Hofmann A, Winkelmann A (2022) A framework for implementing robotic process automation projects. Inf Syst e-Bus Manag 21:1–35
Hernandez-de-Menendez M, Morales-Menendez R, Escobar CA, McGovern M (2020) Competencies for industry 4.0. Int J Interact Des Manuf 14(4):1511–1524
Hitomi K (1994) Automation—its concept and a short history. Technovation 14(2):121–128
Hoque Z (2000) Just-in-time production, automation, cost allocation practices and importance of cost information: an empirical investigation in New Zealand-based manufacturing organizations. Br Account Rev 32(2):133–159. https://doi.org/10.1006/bare.1999.0125
Huang MH, Rust RT (2021) A strategic framework for artificial intelligence in marketing. J Acad Mark Sci 49(1):30–50
Huang R, Xi L, Lee J, Liu CR (2005) The framework, impact and commercial prospects of a new predictive maintenance system: intelligent maintenance system. Prod Plan Control 16(7):652–664. https://doi.org/10.1080/09537280500205837
Hutchison J, Das SR (2007) Examining a firm’s decisions with a contingency framework for manufacturing flexibility. Int J Oper Prod Manag 27(2):159–180. https://doi.org/10.1108/01443570710720603
Janssen CP, Donker SF, Kun AL (2019) History and future of human–automation interaction. Int J Hum Comput Stud 31:99–107
Järvinen J, Taiminen H (2016) Harnessing marketing automation for B2B content marketing. Ind Mark Manag 54:164–175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2015.07.002
Johannsen F, Schaller D, Klus MF (2021) Value propositions of chatbots to support innovation management processes. IseB 19(1):205–246
Johnson CD, Bauer BC, Niederman F (2021) The automation of management and business science. Acad Manag Perspect 35(2):292–309
Kahle JH, Marcon É, Ghezzi A, Frank AG (2020) Smart products value creation in SMEs innovation ecosystems. Technol Forecast Soc Change 156:120024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2020.120024
Kaplan M (1998) Decision theory as philosophy. Cambridge University Press
Kazancoglu Y, Sezer MD, Ozkan-Ozen YD, Mangla SK, Kumar A (2021) Industry 4.0 impacts on responsible environmental and societal management in the family business. Technol Forecast Soc Change 173:121108
Kokemüller J, Roßnagel H (2012) Secure mobile sales force automation: the case of independent sales agencies. IseB 10(1):117–133
Kong D, Zhou Y, Liu Y, Xue L (2017) Using the data mining method to assess the innovation gap: a case of industrial robotics in a catching-up country. Technol Forecast Soc Change 119:80–97
Kotorov R (2003) Customer relationship management: strategic lessons and future directions. Bus Process Manag J 9:566–571
Kowalkowski C, Kindström D, Gebauer H (2013) ICT as a catalyst for service business orientation. J Bus Ind Market 28:506–513
Kumar A, Zhao JL (1999) Dynamic routing and operational controls in workflow management systems. Manag Sci 45(2):253–272. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.45.2.253
Kumar KD, Karunamoorthy L, Roth H, Mirnalinee TT (2005) Computers in manufacturing: towards successful implementation of integrated automation system. Technovation 25(5):477–488
Kunz WH, Heinonen K, Lemmink JG (2019) Future service technologies: is service research on track with business reality? J Serv Market 33:479–487
Kushida KE, Murray J, Zysman J (2015) Cloud computing: from scarcity to abundance. J Ind Compet Trade 15(1):5–19. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10842-014-0188-y
Landry T, Arnold JT, Arndt A (2005) A compendium of sales related literature in customer relationship management: processes and technologies with managerial implications. J Person Sell Sales Manag 25(3):231–251
Langer M, Landers RN (2021) The future of artificial intelligence at work: a review on effects of decision automation and augmentation on workers targeted by algorithms and third-party observers. Comput Hum Behav 123:106878
Lee PC, Su HN (2010) Investigating the structure of regional innovation system research through keyword co-occurrence and social network analysis. Innovation 12(1):26–40
Lichtenberg FR (1995) The output contributions of computer equipment and personnel: a firm-level analysis. Econ Innov New Technol 3(3–4):201–218. https://doi.org/10.1080/10438599500000003
Macedo de Morais R, Kazan S, Ines S, de Padua D, Lucirton Costa A (2014) An analysis of BPM lifecycles: from a literature review to a framework proposal. Bus Process Manag J 20(3):412–432
Makarius EE, Mukherjee D, Fox JD, Fox AK (2020) Rising with the machines: a sociotechnical framework for bringing artificial intelligence into the organization. J Bus Res 120:262–273
Marengo L (2019) Is this time different? A note on automation and labour in the fourth industrial revolution. J Ind Bus Econ 46(3):323–331
Margherita A (2014) Business process management system and activities: two integrative definitions to build an operational body of knowledge. Bus Process Manag J 20(5):642–662
Mariani MM, Perez-Vega R, Wirtz J (2022) AI in marketing, consumer research and psychology: a systematic literature review and research agenda. Psychol Mark 39(4):755–776
McGoldrick PJ, Keeling KA, Beatty SF (2008) A typology of roles for avatars in online retailing. J Mark Manag 24(3–4):433–461
Mendes C, Osaki R, Da Costa C (2017) Internet of things in automated production. Eur J Eng Technol Res 2(10):13–16
Millen R, Sohal AS (1998) Planning processes for advanced manufacturing technology by large American manufacturers. Technovation 18(12):741–750. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0166-4972(98)00068-6
Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG (2009) Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. Ann Internal Med 151(4):264–269
Morgan A, Inks S (2001) Technology and the sales force: increasing acceptance of sales force automation. Ind Market Manag 30:463–472
Ndede-Amadi AA (2004) What strategic alignment, process redesign, enterprise resource planning, and e-commerce have in common: enterprise-wide computing. Bus Process Manag J 10:184–199
Nissen M (1998) Redesigning reengineering through measurement-driven inference. MIS Q 22(4):509–534
Nissen ME, Sengupta K (2006) Incorporating software agents into supply chains: experimental investigation with a procurement task. MIS Q 30(1):145. https://doi.org/10.2307/25148721
Owen G (2013) Applications of game theory to economics. Int Game Theory Rev 15(03):1340011
Paim R, Caulliraux HM, Cardoso R (2008) Process management tasks: a conceptual and practical view. Bus Process Manag J 14(15):694–723
Parthasarthy R, Sethi SP (1992) The impact of flexible automation on business strategy and organizational structure. Acad Manag Rev 17(1):86. https://doi.org/10.2307/258649
Paul J, Criado AR (2020) The art of writing literature review: What do we know and what do we need to know? Int Bus Rev 29(4):101717
Paul J, Feliciano-Cestero MM (2021) Five decades of research on foreign direct investment by MNEs: an overview and research agenda. J Bus Res 124:800–812
Peacock E, Tanniru M (2005) Activity-based justification of IT investments. Inf Manag 42(3):415–424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2003.12.015
Pickering C, Byrne J (2014) The benefits of publishing systematic quantitative literature reviews for PhD candidates and other early-career researchers. High Educ Res Dev 33(3):534–548
Pizzi G, Scarpi D, Pantano E (2021) Artificial intelligence and the new forms of interaction: who has the control when interacting with a chatbot?. J Bus Res 129:878–890
Radhakrishnan S, Erbis S, Isaacs JA, Kamarthi S (2017) Novel keyword co-occurrence network-based methods to foster systematic reviews of scientific literature. PLoS ONE 12(3):e0172778
Radziwon A, Bogers M, Bilberg A (2017) Creating and capturing value in a regional innovation ecosystem: a study of how manufacturing SMEs develop collaborative solutions. Int J Technol Manag 75(1–4):73. https://doi.org/10.1504/ijtm.2017.085694
Rocchi P (2000) Technology+ Culture. IOS Press
Russel J, Pinilla-Redondo R, Mayo-Muñoz D, Shah SA, Sørensen SJ (2020) CRISPRCasTyper: automated identification, annotation, and classification of CRISPR-Cas Loci. CRISPR J 3(6):462–469
Saeed TU, Burris MW, Labi S, Sinha KC (2020) An empirical discourse on forecasting the use of autonomous vehicles using consumers’ preferences. Technol Forecast Soc Change 158:120130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2020.120130
Santos F, Pereira R, Vasconcelos JB (2020) Toward robotic process automation implementation: an end-to-end perspective. Bus Process Manag J 26(2):405–420
Schippers WA (2001) An integrated approach to process control. Int J Prod Econ 69(1):93–105. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0925-5273(98)00243-6
Sedighi M (2016) Application of word co-occurrence analysis method in mapping of the scientific fields (case study: the field of infometrics). Lib Rev 65(1/2):52–64
Sia SK, Neo BS (1997) Reengineering effectiveness and the redesign of organizational control: a case study of the inland revenue authority of Singapore. J Manag Inf Syst 14(1):69–92
Silva SC, Corbo L, Vlačić B, Fernandes M (2021) Marketing accountability and marketing automation: evidence from Portugal. EuroMed J Bus 18:145–164
Simchi-Levi D, Wu MX (2018) Powering retailers’ digitization through analytics and automation. Int J Prod Res 56(1–2):809–816
Singhal K, Singhal J, Starr MK (2007) The domain of production and operations management and the role of Elwood Buffa in its delineation. J Oper Manag 25(2):310–327. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jom.2006.06.004
Sipser M (1996) Introduction to the theory of computation. ACM SIGACT News 27(1):27–29
Speier C, Venkatesh V (2002) The hidden minefields in the adoption of sales force automation technologies. J Mark 66:98–111
Sun S, Zhao L (2013) Formal workflow design analytics using data flow modeling. Decis Support Syst 55:270–283
Thaichon P, Surachartkumtonkun J, Quach S, Weaven S, Palmatier R (2018) Hybrid sales structures in the age of e-commerce. J Person Sell Sales Manag 38(3):277–302
Thakkar D, Kumar N, Sambasivan N (2020) Towards an AI-powered future that works for vocational workers. In: proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems pp. 1–13
Torres R, Sidorova A (2015) The effect of business process configurations on user motivation. Bus Process Manag J 21:541–563
Tseng S, Won Y (2016) Integrating multiple recommendation schemes for designing sales force support system: a travel agency example. Int J Electron Bus 13(1):1–37
Udell M, Stehel V, Kliestik T, Kliestikova J, Durana P (2019) Towards a smart automated society: cognitive technologies, knowledge production, and economic growth. Econ Manag Financ Mark 14(1):44. https://doi.org/10.22381/emfm14120195
Van Eck N, Waltman L (2010) Software survey: VOSviewer, a computer program for bibliometric mapping. Scientometrics 84(2):523–538
Velcu O (2010) Strategic alignment of ERP implementation stages: an empirical investigation. Inf Manag 47(3):158–166
vom Brocke J, Zelt S, Schmiedel T (2016) On the role of context in business process management. Int J Inf Manag 36(3):486–495
Vom Brocke J, Maaß W, Buxmann P, Maedche A, Leimeister JM, Pecht G (2018) Future work and enterprise systems. Bus Inf Syst Eng 60(4):357–366
Wang B, Hu SJ, Sun L, Freiheit T (2020) Intelligent welding system technologies: state-of-the-art review and perspectives. J Manuf Syst 56:373–391
Wesche JS, Sonderegger A (2019) When computers take the lead: the automation of leadership. Comput Hum Behav 101:197–209
West DM, Allen JR (2018) How artificial intelligence is transforming the world. Brookings Media
Yin J, Wei S, Chen X, Wei J (2020) Does it pay to align a firm’s competitive strategy with its industry IT strategic role? Inf Manag 57(8):103391
Zhao D, Strotmann A (2015) Analysis and visualization of citation networks. Synth Lect Inf Concepts Retriev Serv 7(1):1–207
Zur Muehlen M (2004) Organizational management in workflow applications-issues and perspectives. Inf Technol Manag 5(3):271–291
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declared that they have no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Elhajjar, S., Yacoub, L. & Yaacoub, H. Automation in business research: systematic literature review. Inf Syst E-Bus Manage 21, 675–698 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10257-023-00645-z
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10257-023-00645-z