Skip to content
Licensed Unlicensed Requires Authentication Published by De Gruyter September 26, 2023

A review on complex turbulent dynamic phenomenon of natural vortex length in cyclone separator

  • Zhuwei Gao

    Associate Professor Zhuwei Gao has extensive experience in the study of cyclone separator.

    EMAIL logo
    , Yaodong Wei

    Professor Yaodong Wei is a well-known expert in the field of cyclone separation, and the checker of the book of Gas cyclones and swirl tubes.

    and Zhongxin Liu

    Professor Zhongxin Liu is an expert in the field of chemical engineering, and the vice president of the School of Chemical Engineering and Technology of Hainan University.

Abstract

The natural vortex length is a complex turbulent dynamic phenomenon of cyclone separator, which can provide reference for the height design. It is calculated by the axial distance between the vortex end and the bottom of vortex finder. At present, scholars mainly attribute the influencing factors of natural vortex length to cylinder diameter, inlet area and vortex finder diameter, ignoring the influence of other structural parameters and operating parameters, so the accuracy and applicability of empirical formula are poor. This study described the mechanism of the vortex end and analyzed the PVC phenomenon. Then, an example was provided to illustrate the limitations and shortcomings of empirical formula. In addition, the influences of some geometric parameters and operating parameters on natural vortex length were summarized. Therefore, this work could provide an important reference for design optimization of cyclone separator height.


Corresponding author: Zhuwei Gao, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, P.R. China, E-mail:

About the authors

Zhuwei Gao

Associate Professor Zhuwei Gao has extensive experience in the study of cyclone separator.

Yaodong Wei

Professor Yaodong Wei is a well-known expert in the field of cyclone separation, and the checker of the book of Gas cyclones and swirl tubes.

Zhongxin Liu

Professor Zhongxin Liu is an expert in the field of chemical engineering, and the vice president of the School of Chemical Engineering and Technology of Hainan University.

  1. Research ethics: The study has been approved by the Ethical Committee of Hainan University where the study was performed, and that the study subjects, or their legal guardians, gave informed consent for participation in the study.

  2. Author contributions: Zhuwei Gao has made substantial contributions to the conception and design of the work, and the acquisition, analysis, and interpretation of data for the work. Yaodong Wei and Zhongxin Liu have drafted the work or revised it critically for important intellectual content.

  3. Competing interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

  4. Research funding: The authors gratefully acknowledge the support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (no. 12202127), the Scientific Research Staring Foundation of Hainan University [no. KYQD(ZR)20042], Young Talents’ Science and Technology Innovation Project of Hainan Association for Science and Technology (no. QCXM202027), and Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (nos. 520QN228 and 323MS009).

  5. Data availability: Data will be made available on request.

References

Alexander, R.M. (1949). Fundamentals of cyclone design and operation. In: Proceedings of the australia institute of minerals and metals (New Series), Vol. 152, pp. 203–228.Search in Google Scholar

Avci, A. and Karagoz, I. (2003). Effects of flow and geometrical parameters on the collection efficiency in cyclone separators. J. Aerosol Sci. 34: 937–955, https://doi.org/10.1016/s0021-8502(03)00054-5.Search in Google Scholar

Avci, A., Karagoz, I., and Surmen, A. (2013a). Development of a new method for evaluating vortex length in reversed flow cyclone separators. Powder Technol. 235: 460–466, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2012.10.058.Search in Google Scholar

Avci, A., Karagoz, I., Surmen, A., and Camuz, I. (2013b). Experimental investigation of the natural vortex length in tangential inlet cyclones. Sep. Sci. Technol. 48: 122–126, https://doi.org/10.1080/01496395.2012.675003.Search in Google Scholar

Bogodage, S.G. and Leung, A. (2015). CFD simulation of cyclone separators to reduce air pollution. Powder Technol. 286: 488–506, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2015.08.023.Search in Google Scholar

Brar, L.S. and Elsayed, K. (2018). Analysis and optimization of cyclone separators with eccentric vortex finders using large eddy simulation and artificial neural network. Sep. Purif. Technol. 207: 269–283, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2018.06.013.Search in Google Scholar

Brar, L.S. and Elsayed, K. (2020). Reveling the details of vortex core precession in cyclones by means of large-eddy simulation. Chem. Eng. Res. Des. 159: 339–352, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cherd.2020.04.030.Search in Google Scholar

Bryant, H.S., Silverman, R.M., and Zene, F.A. (1983). How dust in gas affects cyclone pressure drop. Hydrocarb. Process. 62: 87–90.Search in Google Scholar

Buttner, R. (1999). Dimensionless representation of particle separation characteristics of cyclones. Aerosol. Sci. 30: 1291–1302, https://doi.org/10.1016/s0021-8502(99)00047-6.Search in Google Scholar

Caliskan, M.E., Karagoz, I., Avci, A., and Surmen, A. (2019). An experimental investigation into the particle classification capability of a novel cyclone separator. Sep. Purif. Technol. 209: 908–913, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2018.09.044.Search in Google Scholar

Chang, Y., Jiang, X., Li, J., Fu, P., Yuan, W., Xin, R., Huang, Y., and Wang, H. (2021). Inlet particle-sorting cyclones configured along a spiral channel for the enhancement of PM2.5 separation. Sep. Purif. Technol. 257: 117901, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117901.Search in Google Scholar

Chen, G.H., Fan, J.L., Pan, Z., and Wang, W.W. (2020). Experimental and CFD investigation on effects internals on the flow pattern and performance of a divergent cyclone separator. J. Taiwan. Inst. Chem. E. 115: 160–168, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtice.2020.10.011.Search in Google Scholar

Cortes, C. and Gil, A. (2007). Modeling the gas and particle flow inside cyclone separator. Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. 33: 409–452, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pecs.2007.02.001.Search in Google Scholar

Dietz, P.W. (1981). Collection efficiency of cyclone separators. AICHE J. 27: 888–892, https://doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270603.Search in Google Scholar

Dong, S.J., Jiang, Y.C., Jin, R.Z., Dong, K., and Wang, B. (2020). Numerical study of vortex eccentricity in a gas cyclone. Appl. Math. Model. 80: 683–701, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apm.2019.11.024.Search in Google Scholar

Du, D.X., Zhu, L.J., and Dong, X.Q. (2007). Simulation to the length of the natural vortex in cyclone separator with CFD. Mining Process. Equip. 35: 94–96.Search in Google Scholar

Duan, J.H., Gao, S., Lu, Y.C., Wang, W.W., Zhang, P., and Li, C.J. (2020). Study and optimization of flow field in a novel cyclone separator with inner cylinder. Adv. Powder Technol. 31: 4166–4179, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apt.2020.08.020.Search in Google Scholar

Elsayed, K., Parvaz, F., Hosseini, S.H., and Ahmadi, G. (2020). Influence of the dipleg and dustbin dimensions on performance of gas cyclones: an optimization study. Sep. Purif. Technol. 239: 116553, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2020.116553.Search in Google Scholar

Gao, C.Z. (2011). Study on flow characteristics of rotating vortex core in cyclone separator and its influence on separation performance. China University of petroleum, Beijing.Search in Google Scholar

Gao, C.Z., Sun, G.G., and Dong, R.Q. (2010). Analysis on location and pressure of vortex end in gas cyclone. J. Chem. Ind. Eng. 61: 1399–1405.Search in Google Scholar

Gao, C.Z., Sun, G.G., and Dong, R.Q. (2011). Experimental measurement of the position of vortex end in cyclone and its effect factors. Acta Pet. Sin. 27: 952–958.Search in Google Scholar

Gao, C.Z., Sun, G.G., and Dong, R.Q. (2012). Analysis calculation of the vortex length in a gas cyclone. Acta Pet. Sin. 28: 94–98.Search in Google Scholar

Gao, Z.W., Wang, J., Wang, J.Y., and Mao, Y. (2019a). Time-frequency analysis of the vortex motion in a cylindrical cyclone separator. Chem. Eng. J. 373: 1120–1131, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2019.05.054.Search in Google Scholar

Gao, Z.W., Wang, J., Wang, J.Y., Mao, Y., and Wei, Y.D. (2019b). Analysis of the effect of vortex on the flow field of a cylindrical cyclone separator. Sep. Purif. Technol. 211: 438–447, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2018.08.024.Search in Google Scholar

Gao, Z.W., Wang, J., Liu, Z.X., Wei, Y.D., Wang, J.Y., and Mao, Y. (2020a). Effects of different inlet structures on the flow field of cyclone separators. Powder Technol. 372: 519–531, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2020.06.014.Search in Google Scholar

Gao, Z.W., Wei, Y.D., Liu, Z.X., Jia, C.M., Wang, J., Wang, J.Y., and Mao, Y. (2020b). Internal components optimization in cyclone separator: systematic classification and Mete-analysis. Sep. Purif. Rev. 50: 400–416, https://doi.org/10.1080/15422119.2020.1789995.Search in Google Scholar

Gao, Z.W., Li, C.X., Qi, X.Y., Wei, Y.D., and Liu, Z.X. (2022a). Flow analysis on carbonaceous deposition of heavy oil droplets and catalyst particles for coking formation process. Energy 260: 124988, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2022.124988.Search in Google Scholar

Gao, Z.W., Liu, Z.X., Song, Z.H., Li, C.X., Ling, H.R., and Wei, Y.D. (2022b). Peculiarities of particle motion inside cyclone separator by using LES-DRW model. Chem. Eng. Res. Des. 183: 512–524, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cherd.2022.05.053.Search in Google Scholar

Gao, Z.W., Liu, Z.X., Wang, S.H., Li, C.X., Qi, X.Y., and Ling, H.R. (2022c). Experiment of hydrocyclone under different inlet velocity and its wear analysis of wall and particle. Powder Technol. 405: 117541, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2022.117541.Search in Google Scholar

Gao, Z.W., Liu, Z.X., Wei, Y.D., Li, C.X., Wang, S.H., Qi, X.Y., and Huang, W. (2022d). Numerical analysis on the influence of vortex motion in a reverse Stairmand cyclone separator by using LES model. Petrol. Sci. Rev. 19: 848–860, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petsci.2021.11.009.Search in Google Scholar

Gjerde, V. (2010). The natural vortex length in centrifugal separators, Master’s thesis. University of Groningen, Dept. of Physics and Technology.Search in Google Scholar

Gronald, G. and Derksen, J.J. (2011). Simulating turbulent swirling flow in a gas cyclone: a comparison of various modeling approaches. Powder Technol. 205: 160–171, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2010.09.007.Search in Google Scholar

Hoekstra, A.J., Israel, A.T., Derksen, J.J., and Akker, H.A. (1998). The application of laser diagnostics to cyclonic flow with vortex precession. In: Proceedings of the 9th international symposium on applications of laser techniques to fluid mechanics, Lisbon, pp. 431–435.Search in Google Scholar

Hoekstra, A.J., Derksen, J.J., and Vandenakker, H.E.A. (1999). An experimental and numerical study of turbulent swirling flow in gas cyclones. Chem. Eng. Sci. 54: 2055–2065, https://doi.org/10.1016/s0009-2509(98)00373-x.Search in Google Scholar

Hoffmann, A.C. and Stein, L.E. (2007). Gas cyclones and swirl tubes, principles, design and operation, 2nd ed. Springer, Berlin, Heideberg, New York.Search in Google Scholar

Hoffmann, A.C., Arends, H., and Sie, H. (1991). An experimental investigation elucidating the effect of solid loading on cyclone performance. Filtr. Separat. 28: 188–193, https://doi.org/10.1016/0015-1882(91)80074-F.Search in Google Scholar

Hoffmann, A.C., Jonege, R.D., Arends, H., and Hanrats, C. (1995). Evidence of the ‘natural vortex length’ and its effect on the separation efficiency of gas cyclones. Filtr. Separat. 32: 799–804, https://doi.org/10.1016/s0015-1882(97)84131-6.Search in Google Scholar

Hoffmann, A.C., Groot, M., Peng, W., Dries, H.W.A., and Kater, J. (2001). Advantages and risks in increasing cyclone separator length. AICHE J 47: 2452–2460, https://doi.org/10.1002/aic.690471109.Search in Google Scholar

Hoffmann, A.C., Stein, L.E., and Bradshaw, P. (2003). Gas cyclones and swirl tubes: principles, design and operation. Appl. Mech. Rev. 56: B28, https://doi.org/10.1115/1.1553446.Search in Google Scholar

Hoffmann, A.C., Peng, W., Dries, H., Regelink, M., and Foo, K.K. (2006). Effect of pressure recovery vanes on the performance of a swirl tube, with emphasis on the flow pattern and separation efficiency. Energ. Fuel 20: 1691–1697, https://doi.org/10.1021/ef050412z.Search in Google Scholar

Hoffmann, A.C., Santen, A.V., and Allen, R. (2020). Effect of geometry and solid loading on the performance of gas cyclones. Powder Technol. 70: 83–91, https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-5910(92)85058-4.Search in Google Scholar

Huang, A., Maeda, N., Shibata, D., Fukasawa, T., Yoshida, H., Kuo, H., and Fukui, K. (2017). Influence of a laminarizer at the inlet on the classification performance of a cyclone separator. Sep. Purif. Technol. 174: 408–416, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2016.09.053.Search in Google Scholar

Hwang, I.S., Jeong, H.J., and Hwang, J. (2020). Effects of vortex finder length on flow field and collection efficiency of cyclone in an industrial-scale circulating fluidized bed boiler: numerical study. Int. J. Energy Res. 44: 7229–7241, https://doi.org/10.1002/er.5430.Search in Google Scholar

Iozia, D.W. and Leith, D. (1989). Effect of cyclone dimensions on gas flow pattern and collection efficiency. Aerosol. Sci. Tech. 2: 491–500, https://doi.org/10.1080/02786828908959289.Search in Google Scholar

Ji, Z.L. and Shi, M.X. (1991). Flow fiuld measurement in cyclone separator. J. Univ. Pet. (China) 15: 52–58.Search in Google Scholar

Ji, Z.L., Wu, X.L., and Shi, M.X. (1991). Experimental research on the natural turning length in the cyclone. In: Proceedings of Filtech Europa 91 conference 2, pp. 583–589.Search in Google Scholar

Ji, Z.L., Wu, X.L., and Shi, M.X. (1993). Experimental research on the natural turning length in the cyclone. Acta Pet. Sin. 62: 87–90.Search in Google Scholar

Jia, M.D., Yan, C.Y., Song, J.F., Wei, Y.D., Zhou, F.Q., Sun, L.Q., and Wang, D. (2018). Experimental and numerical study of secondary flow in a T-type bend of a CFB riser. Chem. Eng. J. 334: 1222–1232, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2017.10.187.Search in Google Scholar

Karagoz, I. and Avci, A. (2005). Modelling of the pressure drop in tangential inlet cyclone separators. Aerosol. Sci. Tech. 39: 857–865, https://doi.org/10.1080/02786820500295560.Search in Google Scholar

Kaya, F., Karagoz, I., and Avci, A. (2011). Effects of surface roughness on the performance of tangential inlet cyclone separator. Aerosol. Sci. Tech. 45: 988–995, https://doi.org/10.1080/02786826.2011.574174.Search in Google Scholar

Kumar, V. and Jha, K. (2019). Multi-objective shape optimization of vortex finders in cyclone separators using response surface methodology and genetic algorithms. Sep. Purif. Technol. 215: 25–31, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2018.12.083.Search in Google Scholar

Le, D.K. and Yoon, J.Y. (2020). Numerical investigation on the performance and flow pattern of two novel innovative designs of four-inlet cyclone separator. Chem. Eng. Process. 150: 107867, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cep.2020.107867.Search in Google Scholar

Leith, D. and Licth, W. (1972). The collection efficiency of cyclone type particle collectors: a new theoretical approach. In: AICHE symposium series, Vol. 68, 196–206.Search in Google Scholar

Li, Q., Wang, Q.G., Xu, W.W., Zhu, Z.L., and Zhu, K.H. (2020). Experimental and computational analysis of a cyclone separator with a novel vortex finder. Powder Technol. 360: 398–410, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2019.10.073.Search in Google Scholar

Li, X.M., Song, J.F., Sun, G.G., Jia, M.D., Yan, C.Y., Yang, Z.Y., and Wei, Y.D. (2016). Experimental study on natural vortex length in a cyclone separator. Can. J. Chem. Eng. 94: 2373–2379, https://doi.org/10.1002/cjce.22598.Search in Google Scholar

Lim, J., Park, S., Lee, H., Zahir, M.Z., and Yook, S. (2020). Performance evaluation of a tangential cyclone separator with additional inlets on the cone section. Powder Technol. 359: 118–125, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2019.09.056.Search in Google Scholar

Liu, S., Zhang, J., Wang, L.S., and Xu, J.Y. (2020). Separation mechanism and influential factor study on vane-type-associated petroleum gas separator. Sep. Purif. Technol. 250: 117274, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117274.Search in Google Scholar

Maclean, J.P., Brown, J.D., and Cantwell, J.E. (1978). UK patent application GB 2011285A, United Kingdom.Search in Google Scholar

Mao, Y.Q., Pu, W.H., Zhang, H., Zhang, Q.Y., Song, Z.Y., Chen, K.Q., and Han, D. (2019). Orthogonal experimental design of an axial flow cyclone separator. Chem. Eng. Process. 144: 107645, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cep.2019.107645.Search in Google Scholar

Mazyan, W.I., Ahmadi, A., Brinkerhoff, J., Ahmed, H., and Hoorfar, M. (2018). Enhancement of cyclone solid particle separation performance based on geometrical modification: numerical analysis. Sep. Purif. Technol. 191: 276–285, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2017.09.040.Search in Google Scholar

Mothes, H. and Loffler, F. (1988). Prediction of particle removal in cyclone separators. Int. J. Chem. Eng. 23: 231–240.Search in Google Scholar

Muschelknautz, E. and Krambrock, W. (2010). Aerodynamische Beiwerte des Zyclonabscheiders aufgrund neuer und verbesserter Messungen. Chem. Ing. Tech.-CIT 42: 247–255, https://doi.org/10.1002/cite.330420503.Search in Google Scholar

Nassaj, O.R., Toghraie, D., and Afrand, M. (2019). Effects of multi inlet guide channels on the performance of a cyclone separator. Powder Technol. 356: 353–372, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2019.08.038.Search in Google Scholar

Parvaz, F., Hosseini, S.H., Elsayed, K., and Admadi, G. (2018). Numerical investigation of effects of inner cone on flow field, performance and erosion rate of cyclone separators. Sep. Purif. Technol. 201: 223–237, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2018.03.001.Search in Google Scholar

Peng, W., Hoffmann, A.C., Dries, H.W.A., Regelink, M., and Foo, K.K. (2005a). Neutrally buoyant tracer in gas cleaning equipment: a case study. Meas. Sci. Technol. 16: 2405–2414, https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/16/12/002.Search in Google Scholar

Peng, W., Hoffmann, A.C., Dries, H.W.A., Regelink, M.A., and Stein, L.E. (2005b). Experimental study of the vortex end in centrifugal separators: the nature of the vortex end. Chem. Eng. Sci. 60: 6919–6928, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2005.06.009.Search in Google Scholar

Peng, W., Hoffmann, A.C., Dries, H.W.A., Regelink, M., and Foo, K.K. (2007). Separation of swirl tube separators. AICHE J 53: 589–597, https://doi.org/10.1002/aic.11121.Search in Google Scholar

Pisarev, G.I. (2011). Experimental and numerical study of the end of the vortex phenomenon, PhD thesis. University of Bergen, Dept. of Physics and Technology.Search in Google Scholar

Pisarev, G.I. and Hoffmann, A.C. (2012). Effect of the ‘end of the vortex’ phenomenon on the particle motion and separation in a swirl tube separator. Powder Technol. 222: 101–107, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2012.02.006.Search in Google Scholar

Pisarev, G.I., Hoffmann, A.C., Peng, W.M., and Dijkstra, H.A. (2011). Large eddy simulation of the vortex end in reverse-flow centrifugal separators. Appl. Math. Comput. 217: 5016–5022, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amc.2010.07.050.Search in Google Scholar

Pisarev, G.I., Gjerde, V., Balakin, B.V., Hoffmann, A.C., Dijkstra, H.A., and Peng, W. (2012). Experimental and computational study of the “end of the vortex” phenomenon in reverse-flow centrifugal separators. AICHE J. 58: 1371–1380, https://doi.org/10.1002/aic.12695.Search in Google Scholar

Qian, F.P. and Wu, Y. (2009). Effects of the inlet section angle on the separation performance of a cyclone. Chem. Eng. Res. Des. 87: 1567–1572, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cherd.2009.05.001.Search in Google Scholar

Qian, F.P. and Zhang, M.X. (2005). Study of the natural vortex length of a cyclone with response surface methodology. Comput. Chem. Eng. 29: 2155–2162, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compchemeng.2005.07.011.Search in Google Scholar

Qian, F.P. and Zhang, M.X. (2006). Natural vortex length of cyclone separators based on response surface methodology. J. Southeast Univ. 36: 247–251.Search in Google Scholar

Qian, F.P., Huang, X., and Zhang, M.X. (2009). Study of gas shortcut flow rate in cyclone with different inlet section angles using response surface methodology. Int. J. Chem. React. Eng. 7: A30, https://doi.org/10.2202/1542-6580.1827.Search in Google Scholar

Sakin, A., Karagoz, I., and Acvi, A. (2019). Performance analysis of axial and reverse flow cyclone separators. Chem. Eng. Process. 144: 107630, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cep.2019.107630.Search in Google Scholar

Shastri, R. and Brar, L.S. (2020). Numerical investigations of the flow-field inside cyclone separators with different cylinder-to-cone ratios using large-eddy simulation. Sep. Purif. Technol. 249: 117149, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117149.Search in Google Scholar

Shi, D., Huang, Y., Wang, H.L., Yuan, W., and Fu, P.B. (2019). Deoiling of oil-coated catalyst using high-speed suspending self-rotation in cyclone. Sep. Purif. Technol. 210: 117–124, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2018.03.059.Search in Google Scholar

Song, C.M., Pei, B.B., Jiang, M.T., Wang, B., Xu, D.L., and Chen, Y.X. (2016). Numerical analysis of forces exerted on particles in cyclone separators. Powder Technol. 294: 437–448, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2016.02.052.Search in Google Scholar

Song, J.F., Wei, Y.D., and Shi, M.X. (2019). Analysis of asymmetry of gas phase flow field in volute cyclone. J. Chem. Ind. Eng. 58: 1091–1096, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apt.2020.08.020.Search in Google Scholar

Sun, L.Q., Song, J.Y., Wang, D., Wang, J.Y., He, J., and Wei, Y.D. (2020). An experimental investigation on gas flow field dynamic characteristics in a reverse cyclone. Chem. Eng. Res. Des. 160: 52–62, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cherd.2020.05.010.Search in Google Scholar

Sun, Y.X., Liu, Y., Zhang, Y.H., Huang, Y., Wang, L., Dai, L., Xu, J.P., and Wang, H.L. (2019). Hydrocyclone-induced pretreatment for sludge solubilisation to enhance anaerobic digestion. Chem. Eng. J. 374: 1364–1372, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2019.05.159.Search in Google Scholar

Surmen, A., Avci, A., and Karamangil (2018). Prediction of the maximum-efficiency cyclone length for a cyclone with a tangential entry. Powder Technol. 207: 1–8, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2010.10.002.Search in Google Scholar

Svensen, E.A. and Hoffmann, A.C. (2020). First and second-order models for the vortex length in cylinder-on-cone cyclones based on large-eddy simulations. Heliyon 6: 03294, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03294.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Tan, F., Karagoz, I., and Avci, A. (2016). The effects of vortex finder dimensions on the natural vortex length in a new cyclone separator. Chem. Eng. Commun. 203: 1216–1221, https://doi.org/10.1080/00986445.2016.1160228.Search in Google Scholar

Tian, J.Y., Ni, L., Song, T., Shen, C., and Zhao, J.N. (2018). Numerical study of foulant-water separation using hydrocyclones enhanced by ejection device: effect of ejection velocity. Energy 163: 641–659, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2018.07.151.Search in Google Scholar

Tian, J.Y., Ni, L., Song, T., and Zhao, J.N. (2020). CFD simulation of hydrocyclone-separation performance influenced by reflux device and different vortex-finder lengths. Sep. Purif. Technol. 233: 116013, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2019.116013.Search in Google Scholar

Tofighian, H., Amani, E., and Saffar-Avval, M. (2020). A large eddy simulation study of cyclones: the effect of sub-models on efficiency and erosion prediction. Powder Technol. 360: 1237–1252, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2019.10.091.Search in Google Scholar

Wang, S.Y., Li, H.L., Wang, R.C., Wang, Xu., Tian, R.C., and Sun, Q.J. (2019). Effect of the inlet angle on the performance of a cyclone separator using CFD-DEM. Adv. Powder Technol. 30: 227–239, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apt.2018.10.027.Search in Google Scholar

Wang, Z.T., Sun, G.G., and Jiao, Y.N. (2020b). Experimental study of large-scale single and double inlet cyclone separators with two types of vortex finder. Chem. Eng. Process. 158: 108188, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cep.2020.108188.Search in Google Scholar

Wang, D., Sun, L.Q., Wang, J.Y., Liu, J.X., Wei, Y.D., and Song, J.F. (2020a). Experimental study of the dynamic characteristics of a cyclone by hot wire/film anemometry: effects of gas leakage. Sep. Purif. Technol. 251: 117365, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117365.Search in Google Scholar

Wasilewski, M. (2017). Analysis of the effect of counter-cone location on cyclone separator efficiency. Sep. Purif. Technol. 179: 236–247, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2017.02.012.Search in Google Scholar

Wasilewski, M. and Brar, L.S. (2019). Effect of the inlet duct angle on the performance of cyclone separators. Sep. Purif. Technol. 213: 19–33, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2018.12.023.Search in Google Scholar

Wei, Q., Sun, G.G., and Yang, J.X. (2019). A model for prediction of maximum-efficiency inlet velocity in a gas-solid cyclone separator. Chem. Eng. Sci. 204: 287–297, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2019.03.054.Search in Google Scholar

Wei, Q., Sun, G.G., and Gao, C.Z. (2020). Numerical analysis of axial gas flow in cyclone separator with different vortex finder diameters and inlet dimensions. Powder Technol. 369: 321–333, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2020.05.038.Search in Google Scholar

Wei, Y.D., Yan, H., and Shi, M.X. (2000). Study on flow in the annular space of a cyclone separator with a volute inlet. Pet. Process. Petrochem. 31: 46–50.Search in Google Scholar

Wei, Y.D., Zhang, J., Song, J.F., and Wang, T. (2010). Experimental study of the natural cyclone length of a cyclone separator. J. Eng. Thermal Energy Power 25: 206–210.Search in Google Scholar

Wu, X.L., Xiong, Z.L., Ji, Z.L., and Shi, M.X. (2007). Numerical simulation of precessing vortex core in cyclone separator. J. Chem. Ind. Eng. 58: 383–390.Search in Google Scholar

Xie, B., Li, S.H., Jin, H., Hu, S.D., Wang, F., and Zhou, F.B. (2018). Analysis of the performance of a nover dust collector combining cyclone separator and cartridge filter. Powder Technol. 339: 695–701, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2018.07.103.Search in Google Scholar

Zeng, F.A. (1998). Cyclone design. Fluid. Solids Handling Process 15: 773–816.10.1016/B978-081551427-5.50014-4Search in Google Scholar

Zhang, P., Chen, G.H., Duan, J.H., and Wang, W.W. (2019). Experimental evaluation of separation performance of fine particles of circulatory circumfluent cyclone separator system. Sep. Purif. Technol. 210: 231–235, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2018.08.008.Search in Google Scholar

Zhang, P., Chen, G.H., Wang, W.W., Zhang, G.D., and Wang, H.L. (2022). Analysis of the nutation and precession of the vortex core and the influence of operating parameters in a cyclone separator. Chin. J. Chem. Eng. 46: 1–10, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjche.2021.05.016.Search in Google Scholar

Zhao, B.T. and Su, Y.X. (2018). Particle size cut performance of aerodynamic cyclone separator: generalized modelling and characterization by correlating global cyclone dimensions. J. Aerosol Sci. 120: 1–11, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaerosci.2018.02.009.Search in Google Scholar

Zhou, F.Q., Sun, G.G., Zhang, Y.M., Ci, H., and Wei, Q. (2018a). Experimental and CFD study on the effects of surface roughness on cyclone performance. Sep. Purif. Technol. 193: 175–183, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2017.11.017.Search in Google Scholar

Zhou, F.Q., Sun, G.G., Han, X.P., Zhang, Y., and Bi, W. (2018b). Experimental and CFD study on effects of spiral guide vanes on cyclone performance. Adv. Powder Technol. 29: 3394–3403, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apt.2018.09.022.Search in Google Scholar

Zhou, Y.F., Xu, Z.Y., Xiao, G.K., Hu, X.Y., Chen, H.B., Zhang, R., Luo, X., Wang, J.D., and Yang, Y.R. (2020). Monitoring the hydrodynamics and critical variation of separation efficiency of cyclone separator via acoustic emission technique with multiple analysis methods. Powder Technol. 373: 174–183, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2020.06.053.Search in Google Scholar

Zhu, L.Y., Wang, S., Ru, Y., Wang, J.Z., Yang, P.J., Li, A.J., Ma, Z.F., and Wang, Z.B. (2023). Numerical investigation on dynamic characteristics of flow field in cyclone separators with different dust hopper structures. Particuology 82: 134–145, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.partic.2023.01.016.Search in Google Scholar

Zhu, Y. and Lee, K.W. (1999). Experimental study on small cyclones operating at high flow rates. J. Aerosol Sci. 30: 1303–1315, https://doi.org/10.1016/s0021-8502(99)00024-5.Search in Google Scholar

Received: 2022-10-18
Accepted: 2023-08-25
Published Online: 2023-09-26
Published in Print: 2024-05-27

© 2023 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Downloaded on 12.6.2024 from https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/revce-2022-0050/html
Scroll to top button