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Post-Archean Nb-REE-U enrichment in the Superior craton recorded in metasomatised mantle rocks erupted in the 1.1 Ga Midcontinental Rift event

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Abstract

Mantle xenoliths in a Mesoproterozoic lamprophyre dyke at Elliot Lake, Ontario, located on the east margin of the Midcontinent Rift (MCR), erupted at ~ 1.1 Ga. These xenoliths enable a study of critical metal enrichment in the sub-cratonic lithospheric mantle (SCLM). Whole-rock major and trace element data from a suite of peridotite xenoliths document a combination of melt depletion and cryptic metasomatic processes. Trace element whole-rock and mineral systematics show a specific endowment in Nb-U-REE (ca. 5–30 ppm mean value), linked to carbonated silicate metasomatism. Geochronological data from the lamprophyre host (Rb–Sr age of 1112.8 ± 4.95 Ma) and the mantle xenoliths (Re-Os) indicate that our samples document the state of the mantle during the earlier stages of magmatism of the MCR. Mineral thermobarometry reveals a hot geotherm reflecting the thinning of the Superior cratonic root to 110 km. Most of the Nb-U-REE deposits and anomalies associated with the MCR event are located around Lake Superior. Here we document for the first time north of Lake Huron, metasomatic processes in the lithosphere that may have created Nb-U-REE metal endowment. The mantle events documented here relate to other observations made in the Slave and North China craton and show how silico-carbonated mid-lithospheric metasomatism up-grades the cratonic lithospheric mantle into a fertile source. Comparison with other small degree melts such as kimberlites, and mantle metasomes related to the MARID suite, show that small degree melts are very efficient at transporting critical metals from the HFSE group plus U and Th, into Earth’s lithosphere.

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Acknowledgements

This contribution forms publication number MERC-ME-2023-22 for the CFREF METAL EARTH project.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E3, Canada

    Hélène Legros, Janina Czas, Yan Luo, Sarah Woodland, Chiranjeeb Sarkar & D. Graham Pearson

  2. Earth & Planets Laboratory, Carnegie Science, 5241 Broad Branch Road, NW, Washington, DC, 20015, USA

    Steven B. Shirey

  3. Department of Earth Sciences and Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto, Mississauga, ON, L5L 1C6, Canada

    Dan Schulze

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  1. Hélène Legros
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  2. Janina Czas
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  3. Yan Luo
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  4. Sarah Woodland
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  5. Chiranjeeb Sarkar
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  7. Dan Schulze
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  8. D. Graham Pearson
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Contributions

Hélène Legros: leader of project; Hélène Legros, Janina Czas, and Graham Pearson: writing of the manuscript; Yan Luo: LA-ICP-MS data acquisition; Sarah Woodland: PGE chemistry acquisition; Chiranjeeb Sarkar: Rb–Sr dating; Steven B. Shirey and Dan Schultze: sampling; All authors: revision of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Hélène Legros.

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Legros, H., Czas, J., Luo, Y. et al. Post-Archean Nb-REE-U enrichment in the Superior craton recorded in metasomatised mantle rocks erupted in the 1.1 Ga Midcontinental Rift event. Miner Deposita 59, 373–396 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-023-01214-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-023-01214-7

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