Abstract
Carbon capture continues to gain attention from researchers especially in light of alarming increase of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere in the recent decades. Among the available carbon capture technologies, both of physical and chemical adsorption is favourably seen with various applicable adsorbents successfully introduced. Such promising CO2 adsorbent candidates include low-dimensional nanomaterials such as graphene, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and fairly new MXenes. In this review, we will be covering the effects of various types of modifications and functionalization of these materials in enhancing the CO2 adsorption capacities. This includes functionalization with oxygenated and protic functional groups, heteroatoms doping, defect engineering and surface modification. It is observed that doping of graphene, amine-functionalization of CNTs and surface termination modification of MXenes are some of the most widely researched strategies. Since MXenes are a recent addition in the field of CO2 capture, we also covered some fundamental theoretical findings to introduce this new 2D nanomaterial to the readers. With this review, we aim to provide a better understanding on how modifications and functionalization process help to improve CO2 uptake in order to help synthesis of high-performance adsorbents in the future.
Funding source: Sunway University
Award Identifier / Grant number: GRTIN-RRO-54-2022
Award Identifier / Grant number: STR-IRNGSSET-CCDCU-01-2022
Acknowledgments
A Arifutzzaman and Mohamed Kheireddine Aroua would like to acknowledge the financial support provided by Sunway University, Malaysia through project no. # “GRTIN-RRO-54-2022” and “STR-IRNGS-SET-CCDCU-01-2022.
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Research ethics: This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.
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Author contributions: Study conceptualization and design: A Arifutzzaman; development of manuscript: Intan Najihah Musa and A Arifutzzaman; overall supervision, review of manuscript draft and funding: Mohamed Kheireddine Aroua; review of manuscript: Shaukat Ali Mazari.
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Competing interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
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Research funding: This work funded by Sunway University, Malaysia through project No. #“GRTIN-RRO-54-2022” and “STR-IRNGS-SET-CCDCU-01-2022.
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Data availability: Not applicable.
Abbreviations
- CCS
-
Carbon capture and storage
- CCU
-
Carbon capture and utilization
- CNTs
-
Carbon nanotubes
- DAPM
-
Poly(3-diamin-(aminomethyl) propyl methacrylate)
- DETA
-
Diethylenetriamine
- DETASI
-
N1-(3-Trimethoxysilylpropyl)diethylenetriamine
- DFT
-
Density functional theory
- DWCNTs
-
Double-walled carbon nanotubes
- EDA
-
Ethylenediamine
- GA
-
Graphene aerogels
- GO
-
Graphene oxides
- GP
-
Graphene
- MEA
-
Monoethanolamine
- MWCNTs
-
Multi-walled carbon nanotubes
- NPs
-
Nanoparticles
- PAA
-
Pollyallylamine
- PAAM
-
Poly(aniline methacrylamide)
- PANI
-
Polyaniline
- PDA
-
Phenylenediamine
- PDAFMA
-
Poly(N-(3,5-diaminophenyl)methacrylamide)
- PEAM
-
Poly(2aminoethyl methacrylate)
- PEI
-
Polyethyleneimine
- PMMA
-
Poly(methyl methacrylate)
- PPy
-
Polypyrrole
- PS
-
Poly(styrene)
- SSA
-
Specific surface area
- SW
-
Stone–Wales
- SWCNTs
-
Single-walled carbon nanotubes
- TEPA
-
Tetraethylenepentamine
- TETA
-
Triethylenetetramine
- TMC
-
Transition metal carbides
- vdW
-
van der Waals
Symbols
- =N–H
-
Pyridinic-N
- 2D
-
2-Dimensional
- 3D
-
3-Dimensional
- BN(OH) x
-
Hydroxylated boron nitride
- CO
-
Carbon monoxide
- CO2
-
Carbon dioxide
- COOH
-
Carboxyl group
- d p
-
Pore diameter
- E ads
-
Adsorption energy
- Fe3O4
-
Iron oxide
- H2O
-
Water
- H2S
-
Hydrogen sulfide
- KOH
-
Potassium hyroxide
- Mo2TiC2T x
-
Titanium molybdenum carbide MXene
- –N+–H
-
Graphitic-N
- N2
-
Nitrogen gas
- –N–H
-
Pyrrolic-N
- O2
-
Oxygen gas
- SiO2
-
Silica
- Ti3AlC2
-
Titanium aluminium carbide
- Ti3C2T x
-
Titanium carbide MXene
- V2CT x
-
Vanadium carbide MXene
- V n
-
Volume of narrow micropores
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