skip to main content
survey

UAV-Assisted IoT Applications, QoS Requirements and Challenges with Future Research Directions

Authors Info & Claims
Published:14 May 2024Publication History
Skip Abstract Section

Abstract

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)-assisted Internet of Things application communication is an emerging concept that effectuates the foreknowledge of innovative technologies. With the accelerated advancements in IoT applications, the importance of this technology became more impactful and persistent. Moreover, this technology has demonstrated useful contributions across various domains, ranging from general to specific applications. Examples include wildfire monitoring, coastal area monitoring, deforestation monitoring, and sensitive military operations, where human access is limited or not feasible. These examples underscore the technology’s importance in scenarios where direct human involvement is challenging or impossible. Although this technology offers numerous benefits, it is essential to note that it also faces several challenges. Among these, Quality of Service (QoS) is a key concern, which limits its useability in various applications. Unfortunately, most researchers in the present literature have overlooked this important factor without giving it considerable attention. To fill this gap, we are presenting a systematic review of the present literature associated with the QoS metrics of this emerging technology from 2015 to 2023 to highlight their contributions and limitations. Based on the systematic review, we highlight the open challenges of this technology to set a roadmap for futuristic research. Finally, we compared each portion of this work with the previously published review articles to confirm the essence of this work, along with an explanation of why this survey is needed and in-time.

REFERENCES

  1. [1] Abdalla Aly Sabri, Powell Keith, Marojevic Vuk, and Geraci Giovanni. 2020. UAV-assisted attack prevention, detection, and recovery of 5G networks. IEEE Wireless Communications 27, 4 (2020), 4047.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  2. [2] Adil Muhammad, Ali Jehad, Attique Muhammad, Jadoon Muhammad Mohsin, Abbas Safia, Alotaibi Sattam Rabia, Menon Varun G., and Farouk Ahmed. 2021. Three byte-based mutual authentication scheme for autonomous Internet of Vehicles. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems 23, 7 (2021), 93589369.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  3. [3] Adil M., Almaiah M. A., Alsayed A. Omar, and Almomani O.. 2020. An anonymous channel categorization scheme of edge nodes to detect jamming attacks in wireless sensor networks. Sensors 20, 8 (2020), 2311.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  4. [4] Adil Muhammad, Alshahrani Hani, Rajab Adel, Shaikh Asadullah, Song Houbing, and Farouk Ahmed. 2022. QoS review: Smart sensing in wake of COVID-19, current trends and specifications with future research directions. IEEE Sensors Journal 23, 2 (2022), 865876.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  5. [5] Adil Muhammad, Jan Mian Ahmad, Liu Yongxin, Abulkasim Hussein, Farouk Ahmed, and Song Houbing. 2022. A systematic survey: Security threats to UAV-aided IoT applications, taxonomy, current challenges and requirements with future research directions. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems 24, 2 (2022), 14371455.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  6. [6] M. Adil, H. Song, J. Ali, M. A. Jan, M. Attique, S. Abbas, and A. Farouk. 2021. Enhanced-AODV: A robust three phase priority-based traffic load balancing scheme for internet of things. IEEE Internet of Things Journal 9, 16 (2021), 14426–14437.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  7. [7] Adil Muhammad, Song Houbing, Mastorakis Spyridon, Abulkasim Hussein, Farouk Ahmed, and Jin Zhanpeng. 2023. UAV-assisted IoT applications, cybersecurity threats, AI-enabled solutions, open challenges with future research directions. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Vehicles (2023).Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  8. [8] Aggarwal S. and Kumar N.. 2020. Path planning techniques for unmanned aerial vehicles: A review, solutions, and challenges. Computer Communications 149 (2020), 270299.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  9. [9] Al-Turjman F., Abujubbeh M., Malekloo A., and Mostarda L.. 2020. UAVs assessment in software-defined IoT networks: An overview. Computer Communications 150 (2020), 519536.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  10. [10] Aloqaily Moayad, Bouachir Ouns, Boukerche Azzedine, and Ridhawi Ismaeel Al. 2021. Design guidelines for blockchain-assisted 5G-UAV networks. IEEE Network 35, 1 (2021), 6471.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  11. [11] Alshbatat A. I. and Dong L.. 2010. Adaptive MAC protocol for UAV communication networks using directional antennas. In 2010 International Conference on Networking, Sensing and Control (ICNSC’10). IEEE, 598603.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  12. [12] Alzahrani Bander, Oubbati Omar Sami, Barnawi Ahmed, Atiquzzaman Mohammed, and Alghazzawi Daniyal. 2020. UAV assistance paradigm: State-of-the-art in applications and challenges. Journal of Network and Computer Applications 166 (2020), 102706.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  13. [13] Alzenad Mohamed, El-Keyi Amr, Lagum Faraj, and Yanikomeroglu Halim. 2017. 3-D placement of an unmanned aerial vehicle base station (UAV-BS) for energy-efficient maximal coverage. IEEE Wireless Communications Letters 6, 4 (2017), 434437.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  14. [14] Arafat Muhammad Yeasir, Habib Md Arafat, and Moh Sangman. 2020. Routing protocols for UAV-aided wireless sensor networks. Applied Sciences 10, 12 (2020), 4077.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  15. [15] Arafat Muhammad Yeasir and Moh Sangman. 2018. Location-aided delay tolerant routing protocol in UAV networks for post-disaster operation. IEEE Access 6 (2018), 5989159906.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  16. [16] Arafat M. Y. and Moh S.. 2018. A survey on cluster-based routing protocols for unmanned aerial vehicle networks. IEEE Access 7 (2018), 498516.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  17. [17] Athanasiadou Georgia E., Batistatos Michael C., Zarbouti Dimitra A., and Tsoulos George V.. 2019. LTE ground-to-air field measurements in the context of flying relays. IEEE Wireless Communications 26, 1 (2019), 1217.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  18. [18] Azeemi N. Z.. 2021. Cooperative trajectory and launch power optimization of UAV deployed in cross-platform battlefields. International Association of Engineers, Engineering Letters 29, 1 (2021), 5768.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  19. [19] Basha S. J. and Danda J. M. R.. 2021. A review on challenges and threats to unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). In Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for Internet of Things (IoT) Concepts, Techniques, and Applications. 89104.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  20. [20] Bashir Nouman, Boudjit Saadi, Dauphin Gabriel, and Zeadally Sherali. 2023. An obstacle avoidance approach for UAV path planning. Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory 129 (2023), 102815.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  21. [21] Behrisch M., Bieker L., Erdmann J., and Krajzewicz D.. 2011. SUMO–simulation of urban mobility: An overview. In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Advances in System Simulation (SIMUL’11). ThinkMind.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  22. [22] Bekkouche Oussama, Bagaa Miloud, and Taleb Tarik. 2019. Toward a UTM-based service orchestration for UAVs in MEC-NFV environment. In 2019 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM’19). IEEE, 16.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  23. [23] Bithas Petros S., Michailidis Emmanouel T., Nomikos Nikolaos, Vouyioukas Demosthenes, and Kanatas Athanasios G.. 2019. A survey on machine-learning techniques for UAV-based communications. Sensors 19, 23 (2019), 5170.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  24. [24] Boursianis A. D., Papadopoulou M. S., Diamantoulakis P., Liopa-Tsakalidi A., Barouchas P., Salahas G., and Goudos S. K.. 2020. Internet of things (IoT) and agricultural unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in smart farming: A comprehensive review. Internet of Things (2020), 100187.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  25. [25] Casado J., González J. L., Tayebi A., Gómez J., and Adana F. S. de. 2019. Application of bioinspired algorithms for the optimization of a radio propagation system simulator based on openstreetmap. In 2019 International Conference on Advances in Computation, Communications and Services (ACCSE’19).Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  26. [26] Castellanos German, Deruyck Margot, Martens Luc, and Joseph Wout. 2020. System assessment of WUSN using NB-IoT UAV-aided networks in potato crops. IEEE Access 8 (2020), 5682356836.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  27. [27] Chamola V., Kotesh P., Agarwal A., Gupta N., and Guizani M.. 2021. A comprehensive review of unmanned aerial vehicle attacks and neutralization techniques. Ad Hoc Networks 111 (2021), 102324.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  28. [28] Chandhar P., Danev D., and Larsson E. G.. 2016. Massive MIMO as enabler for communications with drone swarms. In 2016 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS’16). IEEE, 347354.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  29. [29] Chang Sang-Yoon, Park Kyungmin, Kim Jonghyun, and Kim Jinoh. 2023. Securing UAV flying base station for mobile networking: A review. Future Internet 15, 5 (2023), 176.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  30. [30] Chang Sang-Yoon, Park Kyungmin, Kim Jonghyun, and Kim Jinoh. 2023. Towards securing UAV flying base station: Misplacement impact analyses on battery and power. In Proceedings of the 2023 on Systems and Network Telemetry and Analytics. 38.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  31. [31] Cheng Nan, Lyu Feng, Quan Wei, Zhou Conghao, He Hongli, Shi Weisen, and Shen Xuemin. 2019. Space/aerial-assisted computing offloading for IoT applications: A learning-based approach. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 37, 5 (2019), 11171129.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  32. [32] Cheng N., Wu S., Wang X., Yin Z., Li C., Chen W., and Chen F.. 2023. AI for UAV-assisted IoT applications: A comprehensive review. IEEE Internet of Things Journal (2023).Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  33. [33] Choudhary G., Sharma V., Gupta T., Kim J., and You I.. 2018. Internet of drones (IoD): Threats, vulnerability, and security perspectives. arXiv preprint arXiv:1808.00203 (2018).Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  34. [34] Chowdhury M. M. U., Maeng S. J., Bulut E., and Güvenç I.. 2020. 3-D trajectory optimization in UAV-assisted cellular networks considering antenna radiation pattern and backhaul constraint. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace Electronic Systems 56, 5 (2020), 37353750.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  35. [35] Çorak Burak Han, Kök İbrahim, and Özdemir Suat. 2021. A novel low-latency and cost-effective communication protocol design for internet of flying things. In 2021 International Symposium on Networks, Computers and Communications (ISNCC’21). IEEE, 16.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  36. [36] Coronado Estefania, Cebrian-Marquez Gabriel, and Riggio Roberto. 2019. Enabling computation offloading for autonomous and assisted driving in 5G networks. In 2019 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM’19). IEEE, 16.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  37. [37] Dai H., Bian H., Li C., and Wang B.. 2020. UAV-aided wireless communication design with energy constraint in space-air-ground integrated green IoT networks. IEEE Access 8 (2020), 8625186261.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  38. [38] Dinh Hoang T., Lee Chonho, Niyato Dusit, and Wang Ping. 2013. A survey of mobile cloud computing: Architecture, applications, and approaches. Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 13, 18 (2013), 15871611.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  39. [39] Doddapaneni K. and Ever E.. 2020. A survey study on MAC and routing protocols to facilitate energy efficient and effective UAV-based communication systems. In Drones in Smart-Cities. Elsevier, 5777.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  40. [40] Dong Yanjie, Hassan Md Zoheb, Cheng Julian, Hossain Md Jahangir, and Leung Victor C. M.. 2018. An edge computing empowered radio access network with UAV-mounted FSO fronthaul and backhaul: Key challenges and approaches. IEEE Wireless Communications 25, 3 (2018), 154160.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  41. [41] Feng W., Wang J., Chen Y., Wang X., Ge N., and Lu J.. 2018. UAV-aided MIMO communications for 5G internet of things. IEEE Internet of Things Journal 6, 2 (2018), 17311740.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  42. [42] Ferdowsi Aidin, Abd-Elmagid Mohamed A., Saad Walid, and Dhillon Harpreet S.. 2021. Neural combinatorial deep reinforcement learning for age-optimal joint trajectory and scheduling design in UAV-assisted networks. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 39, 5 (2021), 12501265.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  43. [43] Fotouhi A., Ding M., and Hassan M.. 2017. Understanding autonomous drone maneuverability for internet of things applications. In 2017 IEEE 18th International Symposium on A World of Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks (WoWMoM’17). 16.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  44. [44] Fotouhi Azade, Qiang Haoran, Ding Ming, Hassan Mahbub, Giordano Lorenzo Galati, Garcia-Rodriguez Adrian, and Yuan Jinhong. 2019. Survey on UAV cellular communications: Practical aspects, standardization advancements, regulation, and security challenges. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials 21, 4 (2019), 34173442.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  45. [45] Fouda Abdurrahman, Ibrahim Ahmed S., Güvenç Ísmail, and Ghosh Monisha. 2019. Interference management in UAV-assisted integrated access and backhaul cellular networks. IEEE Access 7 (2019), 104553104566.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  46. [46] Gharibi Mirmojtaba, Boutaba Raouf, and Waslander Steven L.. 2016. Internet of drones. IEEE Access 4 (2016), 11481162.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  47. [47] Gura D., Rukhlinskiy V., Sharov V., and Bogoyavlenskiy A.. 2021. Automated system for dispatching the movement of unmanned aerial vehicles with a distributed survey of flight tasks. Journal of Intelligent Systems 30, 1 (2021), 728738.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  48. [48] Hadi Hassan Jalil, Cao Yue, Nisa Khaleeq Un, Jamil Abdul Majid, and Ni Qiang. 2023. A comprehensive survey on security, privacy issues and emerging defence technologies for UAVs. Journal of Network and Computer Applications 213 (2023), 103607.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  49. [49] Han Sang Ik. 2022. Survey on UAV deployment and trajectory in wireless communication networks: Applications and challenges. Information 13, 8 (2022), 389.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  50. [50] Hooper M., Tian Y., Zhou R., Cao B., Lauf A. P., Watkins L., and Alexis W.. 2016. Securing commercial wifi-based UAVs from common security attacks. In 2016 IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM’16). Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  51. [51] Huang Dongdong, Cui Miao, Zhang Guangchi, Chu Xiaoli, and Lin Fan. 2020. Trajectory optimization and resource allocation for UAV base stations under in-band backhaul constraint. EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking 2020 (2020), 117.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  52. [52] Jiang Bin, Yang Jiachen, Xu Huifang, Song Houbing, and Zheng Gan. 2018. Multimedia data throughput maximization in Internet-of-Things system based on optimization of cache-enabled UAV. IEEE Internet of Things Journal 6, 2 (2018), 35253532.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  53. [53] Jobaer S., Zhang Y., Hussain M. A. Iqbal, and Ahmed F.. 2020. UAV-assisted hybrid scheme for urban road safety based on VANETs. Electronics 9, 9 (2020), 1499.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  54. [54] Kakaletsis Efstratios, Symeonidis Charalampos, Tzelepi Maria, Mademlis Ioannis, Tefas Anastasios, Nikolaidis Nikos, and Pitas Ioannis. 2021. Computer vision for autonomous UAV flight safety: An overview and a vision-based safe landing pipeline example. ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR) 54, 9 (2021), 137.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  55. [55] Khan S., Zeeshan M., and Ayaz Y.. 2020. Implementation and analysis of MultiCode MultiCarrier Code Division Multiple Access (MC–MC CDMA) in IEEE 802.11 ah for UAV Swarm communication. Physical Communication 42 (2020), 101159.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  56. [56] Khan Shah Khalid, Naseem Usman, Siraj Haris, Razzak Imran, and Imran Muhammad. 2021. The role of unmanned aerial vehicles and mmWave in 5G: Recent advances and challenges. Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies 32, 7 (2021), e4241.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  57. [57] Khisa Shreya and Moh Sangman. 2020. Medium access control protocols for the Internet of Things based on unmanned aerial vehicles: A comparative survey. Sensors 20, 19 (2020), 5586.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  58. [58] Khuwaja Aziz Altaf, Chen Yunfei, Zhao Nan, Alouini Mohamed-Slim, and Dobbins Paul. 2018. A survey of channel modeling for UAV communications. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials 20, 4 (2018), 28042821.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  59. [59] Košmerl Jože and Vilhar Andrej. 2014. Base stations placement optimization in wireless networks for emergency communications. In 2014 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC’14). IEEE, 200205.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  60. [60] Kurunathan Harrison, Huang Hailong, Li Kai, Ni Wei, and Hossain Ekram. 2023. Machine learning-aided operations and communications of unmanned aerial vehicles: A contemporary survey. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials (2023).Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  61. [61] Lakew Demeke Shumeye, Masood Arooj, and Cho Sungrae. 2020. 3D UAV placement and trajectory optimization in UAV assisted wireless networks. In 2020 International Conference on Information Networking (ICOIN’20). IEEE, 8082.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  62. [62] Lakew D. S., Masood A., and Cho S.. 2020. 3D UAV placement and trajectory optimization in UAV assisted wireless networks. In 2020 International Conference on Information Networking (ICOIN’20). IEEE, 8082.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  63. [63] Li Bin, Fei Zesong, Zhang Yan, and Guizani Mohsen. 2019. Secure UAV communication networks over 5G. IEEE Wireless Communications 26, 5 (2019), 114120.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  64. [64] Li Bin, Guo Xianzhen, Zhang Ruonan, Du Xiaojiang, and Guizani Mohsen. 2020. Performance analysis and optimization for the MAC protocol in UAV-based IoT network. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 69, 8 (2020), 89258937.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  65. [65] Li C., Gao Z., Xia J., Deng D., and Fan L.. 2020. Cache-enabled physical-layer secure game against smart UAV-assisted attacks in B5G NOMA networks. EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking 2020, 1 (2020), 19.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  66. [66] Li Jiahui, Sun Geng, Duan Lingjie, and Wu Qingqing. 2023. Multi-objective optimization for UAV swarm-assisted IoT with virtual antenna arrays. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing 23, 5, May 2024 (2023).Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  67. [67] Li X., Feng W., Chen Y., Wang C. X., and Ge N.. 2020. Maritime coverage enhancement using UAVs coordinated with hybrid satellite-terrestrial networks. IEEE Transactions on Communications 68, 4 (2020), 23552369.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  68. [68] Lim W. Y. B., Garg S., Xiong Z., Zhang Y., Niyato D., Leung C., and Miao C.. 2021. UAV-assisted communication efficient federated learning in the era of the artificial intelligence of things. IEEE Network 35, 5 (2021), 188195.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  69. [69] Liu Miao, Yang Jie, and Gui Guan. 2019. DSF-NOMA: UAV-assisted emergency communication technology in a heterogeneous internet of things. IEEE Internet of Things Journal 6, 3 (2019), 55085519.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  70. [70] Liu Q., Shi L., Sun L., Li J., Ding M., and Shu F.. 2020. Path planning for UAV-mounted mobile edge computing with deep reinforcement learning. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 69, 5 (2020), 57235728.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  71. [71] Liu X., Chen M., Liu Y., Chen Y., Cui S., and Hanzo L.. 2020. Artificial intelligence aided next-generation networks relying on UAVs. IEEE Wireless Communications 28, 1 (2020), 120127.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  72. [72] Liu Xin, Lai Biaojun, Lin Bin, and Leung Victor C. M.. 2022. Joint communication and trajectory optimization for multi-UAV enabled mobile internet of vehicles. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems 23, 9 (2022), 1535415366.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  73. [73] Ma Xiao, Lin Chuang, Zhang Han, and Liu Jianwei. 2018. Energy-aware computation offloading of IoT sensors in cloudlet-based mobile edge computing. Sensors 18, 6 (2018), 1945.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  74. [74] Maakar S. K., Khurana M., Chakraborty C., Sinwar D., and Srivastava D.. 2022. Performance evaluation of AODV and DSR routing protocols for flying ad hoc network using highway mobility model. Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 31, 1 (2022), 2250008.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  75. [75] Mahandran V., Raghuram H., and Nathan P. T.. 2016. Geophagy by the indian short-nosed fruit bat, cynopterus sphinx (pteropodidae) while foraging on madhuca latifolia (sapotaceae) in Tamil Nadu, South India. Acta Ethologica 19, 1 (2016), 9599.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  76. [76] Mobasshir Mahbub. 2020. Uav assisted 5g het-net: A highly supportive technology for 5g nr network enhancement. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Internet of Things 6, 22 (2020).Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  77. [77] Maitiniyazi Maimaitijiang, Vasit Sagan, Paheding Sidike, Ahmad M. Daloye, Hasanjan Erkbol, and Felix B. Fritschi. 2020. Crop monitoring using satellite/UAV data fusion and machine learning. Remote Sensing 12, 9 (2020), 1357.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  78. [78] P. Majumdar, D. Bhattacharya, S. Mitra, and B. Bhushan. 2023. Application of green IoT in agriculture 4.0 and beyond: Requirements, challenges and research trends in the era of 5G, LPWANs and internet of UAV things. Wireless Personal Communications 131, 3 (2023), 1767–1816.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  79. [79] Marchese Mario, Moheddine Aya, and Patrone Fabio. 2019. IoT and UAV integration in 5G hybrid terrestrial-satellite networks. Sensors 19, 17 (2019), 3704.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  80. [80] Moradi Mehrdad, Sundaresan Karthikeyan, Chai Eugene, Rangarajan Sampath, and Mao Z. Morley. 2018. SkyCore: Moving core to the edge for untethered and reliable UAV-based LTE networks. In Proceedings of the 24th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking. 3549.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  81. [81] Motlagh N. H., Taleb T., and Arouk O.. 2016. Low-altitude unmanned aerial vehicles-based internet of things services: Comprehensive survey and future perspectives. IEEE Internet of Things Journal 3, 6 (2016), 899922.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  82. [82] Mozaffari Mohammad, Saad Walid, Bennis Mehdi, Nam Young-Han, and Debbah Mérouane. 2019. A tutorial on UAVs for wireless networks: Applications, challenges, and open problems. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials 21, 3 (2019), 23342360.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  83. [83] Mukherjee A., Dey N., and De D.. 2020. EdgeDrone: QoS aware MQTT middleware for mobile edge computing in opportunistic Internet of Drone things. Computer Communications 152 (2020), 93108.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  84. [84] Musselman R. L. and Watkins S. E.. 2017. Antenna design for small UAV locator applications. (2017).Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  85. [85] Naqvi Syed Ahsan Raza, Hassan Syed Ali, Pervaiz Haris, and Ni Qiang. 2018. Drone-aided communication as a key enabler for 5G and resilient public safety networks. IEEE Communications Magazine 56, 1 (2018), 3642.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  86. [86] Nguyen Dinh C., Pathirana Pubudu N., Ding Ming, and Seneviratne Aruna. 2021. Secure computation offloading in blockchain based IoT networks with deep reinforcement learning. IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering 8, 4 (2021), 31923208.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  87. [87] Nguyen Dinh Dung, Rohacs Jozsef, and Rohacs Daniel. 2021. Autonomous flight trajectory control system for drones in smart city traffic management. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, 5 (2021), 338.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  88. [88] Nguyen Tri Minh, Ajib Wessam, and Assi Chadi. 2018. A novel cooperative NOMA for designing UAV-assisted wireless backhaul networks. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 36, 11 (2018), 24972507.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  89. [89] Niu Zhisheng, Shen Xuemin S., Zhang Qinyu, and Tang Yuliang. 2020. Space-air-ground integrated vehicular network for connected and automated vehicles: Challenges and solutions. Intelligent and Converged Networks 1, 2 (2020), 142169.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  90. [90] Oubbati O. S., Atiquzzaman M., Ahanger T. A., and Ibrahim A.. 2020. Softwarization of UAV networks: A survey of applications and future trends. IEEE Access 8 (2020), 9807398125.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  91. [91] Pakrooh Rambod and Bohlooli Ali. 2021. A survey on unmanned aerial vehicles-assisted internet of things: A service-oriented classification. Wireless Personal Communications 119 (2021), 15411575.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  92. [92] Pan Miaoxin, Chen Chongcheng, Yin Xiaojun, and Huang Zhengrui. 2021. UAV-aided emergency environmental monitoring in infrastructure-less areas: LoRa mesh networking approach. IEEE Internet of Things Journal 9, 4 (2021), 29182932.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  93. [93] Panda Kirtan Gopal, Das Shrayan, Sen Debarati, and Arif Wasim. 2019. Design and deployment of UAV-aided post-disaster emergency network. IEEE Access 7 (2019), 102985102999.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  94. [94] Pandey Gaurav Kumar, Gurjar Devendra Singh, Nguyen Ha H., and Yadav Suneel. 2022. Security threats and mitigation techniques in UAV communications: A comprehensive survey. IEEE Access 10 (2022), 112858112897.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  95. [95] Penserini L., Tonucci E., Ippoliti G., and Labbio J. Di. 2017. Development framework for DRONEs as smart autonomous systems. In 2017 8th International Conference on Information, Intelligence, Systems & Applications (IISA’17). IEEE, 16.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  96. [96] Raivi Asif Mahmud and Moh Sangman. 2023. A comprehensive survey on data aggregation techniques in UAV-enabled Internet of things. Computer Science Review 50 (2023), 100599.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  97. [97] Ramli Muhammad Rusyadi, Kim Dong-Seong, and Lee Jae Min. 2018. Hybrid MAC protocol for UAV-assisted wireless sensor networks. (2018).Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  98. [98] Ranjha Ali and Kaddoum Georges. 2020. Quasi-optimization of uplink power for enabling green URLLC in mobile UAV-assisted IoT networks: A perturbation-based approach. IEEE Internet of Things Journal 8, 3 (2020), 16741686.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  99. [99] Ray Partha Pratim and Nguyen Kien. 2020. A review on blockchain for medical delivery drones in 5G-IoT era: Progress and challenges. In 2020 IEEE/CIC International Conference on Communications in China (ICCC Workshops’20). IEEE, 2934.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  100. [100] Rugo A., Ardagna C. A., and Ioini N. E.. 2022. A security review in the UAVNet era: Threats, countermeasures, and Gap analysis. ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR) 55, 1 (2022), 135.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  101. [101] Samir Moataz, Assi Chadi, Sharafeddine Sanaa, and Ghrayeb Ali. 2020. Online altitude control and scheduling policy for minimizing AoI in UAV-assisted IoT wireless networks. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing 21, 7 (2020), 24932505.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  102. [102] Samir Moataz, Sharafeddine Sanaa, Assi Chadi M., Nguyen Tri Minh, and Ghrayeb Ali. 2019. UAV trajectory planning for data collection from time-constrained IoT devices. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 19, 1 (2019), 3446.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  103. [103] Saraereh O. A., Alsaraira A., Khan I., and Uthansakul P.. 2020. Performance evaluation of UAV-enabled LoRa networks for disaster management applications. Sensors 20, 8 (2020), 2396.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  104. [104] Schopferer Simon and Donkels Alexander. 2022. Trajectory risk modelling and planning for unmanned cargo aircraft. In Automated Low-altitude Air Delivery: Towards Autonomous Cargo Transportation with Drones. Springer, 353391.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  105. [105] Sekander Silvia, Tabassum Hina, and Hossain Ekram. 2018. Multi-tier drone architecture for 5G/B5G cellular networks: Challenges, trends, and prospects. IEEE Communications Magazine 56, 3 (2018), 96103.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  106. [106] Shakhatreh Hazim, Sawalmeh Ahmad H., Al-Fuqaha Ala, Dou Zuochao, Almaita Eyad, Khalil Issa, Othman Noor Shamsiah, Khreishah Abdallah, and Guizani Mohsen. 2019. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs): A survey on civil applications and key research challenges. IEEE Access 7 (2019), 4857248634.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  107. [107] Shao B. and Leeson M. S.. 2021. PaFiR: Particle filter routing–a predictive relaying scheme for UAV-assisted IoT communications in future innovated networks. Internet of Things 14 (2021), 100077.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  108. [108] Sharma Abhishek, Vanjani Pankhuri, Paliwal Nikhil, Basnayaka Chathuranga M. Wijerathna, Jayakody Dushantha Nalin K., Wang Hwang-Cheng, and Muthuchidambaranathan P.. 2020. Communication and networking technologies for UAVs: A survey. Journal of Network and Computer Applications 168 (2020), 102739.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  109. [109] Shen L., Wang N., Ji X., Mu X., and Cai L.. 2019. Iterative trajectory optimization for physical-layer secure buffer-aided UAV mobile relaying. Sensors 19, 15 (2019), 3442.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  110. [110] Shi Liping, Marcano Néstor J. Hernández, and Jacobsen Rune Hylsberg. 2021. A review on communication protocols for autonomous unmanned aerial vehicles for inspection application. Microprocessors and Microsystems 86 (2021), 104340.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  111. [111] Sonny A., Yeduri S. R., and Cenkeramaddi L. R.. 2023. Q-learning-based unmanned aerial vehicle path planning with dynamic obstacle avoidance. Applied Soft Computing 147 (2023), 110773.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  112. [112] Suman Suraj, Kumar Sidharth, and De Swades. 2019. UAV-assisted RFET: A novel framework for sustainable WSN. IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking 3, 4 (2019), 11171131.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  113. [113] Sun Weifeng, Tang Min, Zhang Lijun, Huo Zhiqiang, and Shu Lei. 2020. A survey of using swarm intelligence algorithms in IoT. Sensors 20, 5 (2020), 1420.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  114. [114] Tan Zhenjie, Qu Hua, Zhao Jihong, Zhou Shiyu, and Wang Wenjie. 2020. UAV-aided edge/fog computing in smart IoT community for social augmented reality. IEEE Internet of Things Journal 7, 6 (2020), 48724884.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  115. [115] Tang T., Hong T., Hong H., Ji S., Mumtaz S., and Cheriet M.. 2019. An improved UAV-PHD filter-based trajectory tracking algorithm for multi-UAVs in future 5G IoT scenarios. Electronics 8, 10 (2019), 1188.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  116. [116] Tsao Kai-Yun, Girdler Thomas, and Vassilakis Vassilios G.. 2022. A survey of cyber security threats and solutions for UAV communications and flying ad-hoc networks. Ad Hoc Networks 133 (2022), 102894.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  117. [117] Ullah Zaib, Al-Turjman Fadi, and Mostarda Leonardo. 2020. Cognition in UAV-aided 5G and beyond communications: A survey. IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking 6, 3 (2020), 872891.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  118. [118] Vashist Sahil and Jain Sushma. 2019. Location-aware network of drones for consumer applications: Supporting efficient management between multiple drones. IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine 8, 3 (2019), 6873.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  119. [119] Vasiliev Danil, Chunaev Andrei, Abilov Albert, Kaysina Irina, and Meitis Daniil. 2019. Application layer ARQ and network coding for QoS improving in UAV-assisted networks. In 2019 25th Conference of Open Innovations Association (FRUCT’19). IEEE, 353360.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  120. [120] Venkatasivarambabu Pamarthi and Agrawal Richa. 2023. A review on UAV path planning optimization based on motion planning algorithms: Collision avoidance and challenges. In 2023 8th International Conference on Communication and Electronics Systems (ICCES’23). IEEE, 14831488.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  121. [121] Wang Bowen, Sun Yanjing, Duong Trung Q., Nguyen Long D., and Zhao Nan. 2020. Popular matching for security-enhanced resource allocation in social internet of flying things. IEEE Transactions on Communications 68, 8 (2020), 50875101.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  122. [122] Wang G., Lee B., Ahn J., and Cho G.. 2020. A UAV-assisted CH election framework for secure data collection in wireless sensor networks. Future Generation Computer Systems 102 (2020), 152162.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  123. [123] Wang L., Wang K., Pan C., Xu W., Aslam N., and Hanzo L.. 2020. Multi-agent deep reinforcement learning-based trajectory planning for multi-UAV assisted mobile edge computing. IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking 7, 1 (2020), 7384.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  124. [124] Wang Liang, Wang Kezhi, Pan Cunhua, Xu Wei, Aslam Nauman, and Nallanathan Arumugam. 2021. Deep reinforcement learning based dynamic trajectory control for UAV-assisted mobile edge computing. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing 21, 10 (2021), 35363550.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  125. [125] Wang N., Wang P., Alipour-Fanid A., Jiao L., and Zeng K.. 2019. Physical-layer security of 5G wireless networks for IoT: Challenges and opportunities. IEEE Internet of Things Journal 6, 5 (2019), 81698181.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  126. [126] Wang Qubeijian, Dai Hong-Ning, Li Xuran, Shukla Mahendra K., and Imran Muhammad. 2020. Artificial noise aided scheme to secure UAV-assisted Internet of things with wireless power transfer. Computer Communications 164 (2020), 112.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  127. [127] Wazid M., Bera B., Mitra A., Das A. K., and Ali R.. 2020. Private blockchain-envisioned security framework for AI-enabled IoT-based drone-aided healthcare services. In Proceedings of the 2nd ACM MobiCom Workshop on Drone Assisted Wireless Communications for 5G and Beyond. 3742.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  128. [128] Wazid M., Das A. K., Kumar N., Vasilakos A. V., and Rodrigues J. J.. 2018. Design and analysis of secure lightweight remote user authentication and key agreement scheme in Internet of drones deployment. IEEE Internet of Things Journal 6, 2 (2018), 35723584.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  129. [129] Wheeb A. H., Nordin R., Samah A. A., Alsharif M. H., and Khan M. A.. 2022. Topology-based routing protocols and mobility models for flying ad hoc networks: A contemporary review and future research directions. Drones 6, 1 (2022), 9.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  130. [130] Wu Yufei, Wang Zhenbo, Benedikter Boris, and Zavoli Alessandro. 2022. A convex approach to multi-phase trajectory optimization of eVTOL vehicles for urban air mobility. In AIAA SCITECH 2022 Forum. 2159.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  131. [131] Xilouris George K., Batistatos Michael C., Athanasiadou Georgia E., Tsoulos Georgios, Pervaiz Haris Bin, and Zarakovitis Charilaos C.. 2018. UAV-assisted 5G network architecture with slicing and virtualization. In 2018 IEEE Globecom Workshops (GC Wkshps’18). IEEE, 17.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  132. [132] Xiong Zehui, Zhang Yang, Lim Wei Yang Bryan, Kang Jiawen, Niyato Dusit, Leung Cyril, and Miao Chunyan. 2020. UAV-assisted wireless energy and data transfer with deep reinforcement learning. IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking 7, 1 (2020), 8599.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  133. [133] Xue N., Niu L., Hong X., Li Z., Hoffaeller L., and Pöpper C.. 2020. DeepSIM: GPS spoofing detection on UAVs using satellite imagery matching. In Annual Computer Security Applications Conference. 304319.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  134. [134] Yan Chaoxing, Fu Lingang, Zhang Jiankang, and Wang Jingjing. 2019. A comprehensive survey on UAV communication channel modeling. IEEE Access 7 (2019), 107769107792.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  135. [135] Yazid Y., Ez-Zazi I., Guerrero-González A., Oualkadi A. El, and Arioua M.. 2021. UAV-enabled mobile Edge-computing for IoT based on AI: A comprehensive review. Drones 5, 4 (2021), 148.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  136. [136] Yu Ye, Bu Xiangyuan, Yang Kai, Yang Hongyuan, and Han Zhu. 2019. UAV-aided low latency mobile edge computing with mmWave backhaul. In 2019 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC’19). IEEE, 17.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  137. [137] Zeng Y., Wu Q., and Zhang R.. 2019. Accessing from the sky: A tutorial on UAV communications for 5G and beyond. Proceedings of the IEEE 107, 12 (2019), 23272375.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  138. [138] Zhang J., Zhou L., Tang Q., Ngai E. C. H., Hu X., Zhao H., and Wei J.. 2018. Stochastic computation offloading and trajectory scheduling for UAV-assisted mobile edge computing. IEEE Internet of Things Journal 6, 2 (2018), 36883699.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  139. [139] Zhang Liang, Celik Abdulkadir, Dang Shuping, and Shihada Basem. 2021. Energy-efficient trajectory optimization for UAV-assisted IoT networks. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing 21, 12 (2021), 43234337.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  140. [140] Zhang Qixun, Jiang Menglei, Feng Zhiyong, Li Wei, Zhang Wei, and Pan Miao. 2019. IoT enabled UAV: Network architecture and routing algorithm. IEEE Internet of Things Journal 6, 2 (2019), 37273742.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  141. [141] Zhang Zhihao, Liu Xiaodong, and Feng Boyu. 2023. Research on obstacle avoidance path planning of UAV in complex environments based on improved Bézier curve. Scientific Reports 13, 1 (2023), 16453.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  142. [142] Zhi Y., Fu Z., Sun X., and Yu J.. 2020. Security and privacy issues of UAV: A survey. Mobile Networks and Applications 25, 1 (2020), 95101.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  143. [143] Zhu Yan, Bai Weigang, Sheng Min, Li Jiandong, Zhou Di, and Han Zhu. 2020. Joint UAV access and GEO satellite backhaul in IoRT networks: Performance analysis and optimization. IEEE Internet of Things Journal 8, 9 (2020), 71267139.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref

Index Terms

  1. UAV-Assisted IoT Applications, QoS Requirements and Challenges with Future Research Directions

      Recommendations

      Comments

      Login options

      Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

      Sign in

      Full Access

      • Published in

        cover image ACM Computing Surveys
        ACM Computing Surveys  Volume 56, Issue 10
        October 2024
        325 pages
        ISSN:0360-0300
        EISSN:1557-7341
        DOI:10.1145/3613652
        Issue’s Table of Contents

        Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than the author(s) must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected].

        Publisher

        Association for Computing Machinery

        New York, NY, United States

        Publication History

        • Published: 14 May 2024
        • Online AM: 10 April 2024
        • Accepted: 31 March 2024
        • Revised: 30 January 2024
        • Received: 11 April 2023
        Published in csur Volume 56, Issue 10

        Check for updates

        Qualifiers

        • survey
      • Article Metrics

        • Downloads (Last 12 months)236
        • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)226

        Other Metrics

      PDF Format

      View or Download as a PDF file.

      PDF

      eReader

      View online with eReader.

      eReader

      Full Text

      View this article in Full Text.

      View Full Text