Abstract
The metaverse is an Artificial Intelligence (AI)-generated virtual world, in which people can game, work, learn, and socialize. The realization of metaverse not only requires a large amount of computing resources to realize the rendering of the virtual world, but also requires communication resources to realize real-time transmission of massive data to ensure a good user experience. The metaverse is currently moving from fiction to reality with the development of advanced technologies represented by AI, blockchain, extended reality, and Digital Twins (DT). However, due to the shortage of communication as well as computing resources, how to realize secure and efficient data interaction between the virtual and the real is an important issue for the metaverse. In this article, we first discuss the characteristics and architecture of the metaverse and introduce its enabling technologies. To cope with the conflict between limited resources and user demands, the article next introduces an Integrated Sensing, Communication, and Computing (SCC) technology and describes its basic principles and related characteristics of SCC. After that, solutions based on SCC in the metaverse scenarios are summarized and relevant lessons are summarized. Finally, we discuss some research challenges and open issues.
- [1] . 2021. A deep-learning-based smart healthcare system for patient’s discomfort detection at the edge of Internet of Things. IEEE Internet Things J. 8, 13 (2021), 10318–10326.
DOI: Google ScholarCross Ref - [2] . 2020. Multicriteria UAV base stations placement for disaster management. IEEE Syst. J. 14, 3 (2020), 3475–3482.
DOI: Google ScholarCross Ref - [3] . 2022. A comprehensive survey on the applications of blockchain for securing vehicular networks. IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor. 24, 2 (2022), 1212–1239.
DOI: Google ScholarCross Ref - [4] . 2023. Reinforcing industry 4.0 with digital twins and blockchain-assisted federated learning. IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun. 41, 11 (2023), 3504–3516.
DOI: Google ScholarDigital Library - [5] . 2020. Relay-aided random access in space-air-ground integrated networks. IEEE Wirel. Commun. 27, 6 (2020), 37–43.
DOI: Google ScholarDigital Library - [6] . 2023. A non-stationary multi-UAV cooperative channel model for 6G massive MIMO mmWave communications. IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun. 22, 12 (2023), 9233–9247.
DOI: Google ScholarDigital Library - [7] . 2022. QoE optimization for live video streaming in UAV-to-UAV communications via deep reinforcement learning. IEEE Trans. Vehic. Technol. 71, 5 (2022), 5358–5370.
DOI: Google ScholarCross Ref - [8] . 2020. Joint radar-communication waveform designs using signals from multiplexed users. IEEE Trans. Commun. 68, 8 (2020), 5216–5227.
DOI: Google ScholarCross Ref - [9] . 2023. Digital twin empowered wireless healthcare monitoring for smart home. IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun. 41, 11 (2023), 3662–3676.
DOI: Google ScholarDigital Library - [10] . 2022. Establishing a cybersecurity home monitoring system for the elderly. IEEE Trans. Industr. Inform. 18, 7 (2022), 4838–4845.
DOI: Google ScholarCross Ref - [11] . 2018. Virtual reality over wireless networks: Quality-of-service model and learning-based resource management. IEEE Trans. Commun. 66, 11 (2018), 5621–5635.
DOI: Google ScholarCross Ref - [12] . 2023. Vehicle as a service (VaaS): Leverage vehicles to build service networks and capabilities for smart cities. arXiv preprint arXiv:2304.11397 (2023).Google Scholar
- [13] . 2020. Performance of joint sensing-communication cooperative sensing UAV network. IEEE Trans. Vehic. Technol. 69, 12 (2020), 15545–15556.
DOI: Google ScholarCross Ref - [14] . 2022. Will metaverse be NextG internet? Vision, hype, and reality. CoRR abs/2201.12894 (2022).Google Scholar
- [15] . 2023. On the physical layer of digital twin: An integrated sensing and communications perspective. IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun. 41, 11 (2023), 3474–3490.
DOI: Google ScholarDigital Library - [16] . 2023. Edge intelligence for adaptive multimedia streaming in heterogeneous Internet of Vehicles. IEEE Trans. Mob. Comput. 22, 3 (2023), 1464–1478.
DOI: Google ScholarCross Ref - [17] . 2021. Intelligent delay-aware partial computing task offloading for multi-user industrial Internet of Things through edge computing. IEEE Internet Things J.
DOI: Google ScholarCross Ref - [18] . 2022. Multimodal Fusion-AdaBoost based activity recognition for smart home on WiFi platform. IEEE Sensors J. 22, 5 (2022), 4661–4674.
DOI: Google ScholarCross Ref - [19] . 2021. Digital twin for intelligent context-aware IoT healthcare systems. IEEE Internet Things J. 8, 23 (2021), 16749–16757.
DOI: Google ScholarCross Ref - [20] . 2023. Olive branch learning: A topology-aware federated learning framework for space-air-ground integrated network. IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun. 22, 7 (2023), 4534–4551.
DOI: Google ScholarDigital Library - [21] . 2019. Digital-twin-based job shop scheduling toward smart manufacturing. IEEE Trans. Industr. Inform. 15, 12 (2019), 6425–6435.
DOI: Google ScholarCross Ref - [22] . 2024. Five disruptive technologies in 6G to support digital twin networks. IEEE Wirel. Commun. 31, 1 (2024), 149-155.
DOI: Google ScholarDigital Library - [23] . 2023. Physics and AI-based digital twin of multi-spectrum propagation characteristics for communication and sensing in 6G and beyond. IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun. 41, 11 (2023), 3461–3473.
DOI: Google ScholarDigital Library - [24] . 2024. Service-oriented network resource orchestration in space-air-ground integrated network. IEEE Trans. Vehic. Technol. 73, 1 (2024), 1162–1174.
DOI: Google ScholarCross Ref - [25] . 2024. Balancing total energy consumption and mean makespan in data offloading for space-air-ground integrated networks. IEEE Trans. Mob. Comput. 23, 1 (2024), 209–222.
DOI: Google ScholarDigital Library - [26] . 2020. iRDRC: An intelligent real-time dual-functional radar-communication system for automotive vehicles. IEEE Wirel. Commun. Lett. 9, 12 (2020), 2140–2143.
DOI: Google ScholarCross Ref - [27] . 2024. Secure intelligent reflecting surface-aided integrated sensing and communication. IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun. 23, 1 (2024), 575–591.
DOI: Google ScholarDigital Library - [28] . 2024. Edge intelligence oriented integrated sensing and communication: A multi-cell cooperative approach. IEEE Trans. Vehic. Technol. (2024), 1–16.
DOI: Google ScholarCross Ref - [29] . 2022. Collaboration as a service: Digital twins enabled collaborative and distributed autonomous driving. IEEE Internet Things J. 9, 19 (2022), 18607-18619.
DOI: Google ScholarCross Ref - [30] . 2022. Artificial intelligence for the metaverse: A survey. ArXiv abs/2202.10336 (2022).Google Scholar
- [31] . 2021. A survey of computational intelligence for 6G: Key technologies, applications and trends. IEEE Trans. Industr. Inform. 17, 10 (2021), 7145–7154.
DOI: Google ScholarCross Ref - [32] . 2022. A review on virtual reality and augmented reality use-cases of brain computer interface based applications for smart cities. Microprocess. Microsyst. 88 (2022), 104392.
DOI: Google ScholarDigital Library - [33] . 2023. An online framework for ephemeral edge computing in the Internet of Things. IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun. 22, 3 (2023), 1992–2007.
DOI: Google ScholarDigital Library - [34] . 2021. All one needs to know about metaverse: A complete survey on technological singularity, virtual ecosystem, and research agenda. CoRR abs/2110.05352 (2021).Google Scholar
- [35] . 2022. Edge artificial intelligence for 6G: Vision, enabling technologies, and applications. IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun. 40, 1 (2022), 5–36.
DOI: Google ScholarDigital Library - [36] . 2023. Adaptive digital twin for UAV-assisted integrated sensing, communication, and computation networks. IEEE Trans. Green Commun. Netw. 7, 4 (2023), 1996–2009.
DOI: Google ScholarCross Ref - [37] . 2020. Smart home monitoring system via footstep-induced vibrations. IEEE Syst. J. 14, 3 (2020), 3383–3389.
DOI: Google ScholarCross Ref - [38] . 2022. A federated learning based privacy-preserving smart healthcare system. IEEE Trans. Industr. Inform. 18, 3 (2022), 2021–2031.
DOI: Google ScholarCross Ref - [39] . 2020. ChainSDI: A software-defined infrastructure for regulation-compliant home-based healthcare services secured by blockchains. IEEE Syst. J. 14, 2 (2020), 2042–2053.
DOI: Google ScholarCross Ref - [40] . 2023. Cooperative conflict detection and resolution and safety assessment for 6G enabled unmanned aerial vehicles. IEEE Trans. Intell. Transport. Syst. 24, 2 (2023), 2183-2198.
DOI: Google ScholarCross Ref - [41] . 2023. An IoT-based intelligent selection of multidomain feature for smart healthcare using reinforcement learning in schizophrenia. IEEE Internet Things J. 10, 21 (2023), 18517–18528.
DOI: Google ScholarCross Ref - [42] . 2023. Integrated sensing, communication, and computation over-the-air: MIMO beamforming design. IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun. 22, 8 (2023), 5383–5398.
DOI: Google ScholarDigital Library - [43] . 2022. Optimized content caching and user association for edge computing in densely deployed heterogeneous networks. IEEE Trans. Mob. Comput. 21, 6 (2022), 2130–2142.
DOI: Google ScholarCross Ref - [44] . 2024. LiWi-HAR: Lightweight WiFi-based human activity recognition using distributed AIoT. IEEE Internet Things J. 11, 1 (2024), 597–611.
DOI: Google ScholarCross Ref - [45] . 2022. Digital twin consensus for blockchain-enabled intelligent transportation systems in smart cities. IEEE Trans. Intell. Transport. Syst. 23, 11 (2022), 22619-22629.
DOI: Google ScholarCross Ref - [46] . 2020. Federated learning in mobile edge networks: A comprehensive survey. IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor. 22, 3 (2020), 2031–2063.
DOI: Google ScholarCross Ref - [47] . 2023. Joint optimization of preference-aware caching and content migration in cost-efficient mobile edge networks. IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun. (2023), 1–1.
DOI: Google ScholarCross Ref - [48] . 2019. UAV-assisted emergency communications: An extended multi-armed bandit perspective. IEEE Commun. Lett. 23, 5 (2019), 938–941.
DOI: Google ScholarCross Ref - [49] . 2021. Optimizing AI service placement and resource allocation in mobile edge intelligence systems. IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun. 20, 11 (2021), 7257–7271.
DOI: Google ScholarDigital Library - [50] . 2022. Digital twin and data-driven quality prediction of complex die-casting manufacturing. IEEE Trans. Industr. Inform. 18, 11 (2022), 8119-8128.
DOI: Google ScholarCross Ref - [51] . 2020. Joint radar and communication design: Applications, state-of-the-art, and the road ahead. IEEE Trans. Commun. 68, 6 (2020), 3834–3862.
DOI: Google ScholarCross Ref - [52] . 2020. Radar-assisted predictive beamforming for vehicular links: Communication served by sensing. IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun. 19, 11 (2020), 7704–7719.Google ScholarCross Ref
- [53] . 2022. The security of blockchain-based medical systems: Research challenges and opportunities. IEEE Syst. J. 16, 4 (2022), 5741-5752.
DOI: Google ScholarCross Ref - [54] . 2020. Blockchain and machine learning for communications and networking systems. IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor. 22, 2 (2020), 1392–1431.
DOI: Google ScholarCross Ref - [55] . 2021. Optimized waveforms for 5G–6G communication with sensing: Theory, simulations and experiments. IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun. 20, 12 (2021), 8301–8315.
DOI: Google ScholarCross Ref - [56] . 2020. Blockchain empowered asynchronous federated learning for secure data sharing in Internet of Vehicles. IEEE Trans. Vehic. Technol. 69, 4 (2020), 4298–4311.
DOI: Google ScholarCross Ref - [57] . 2021. Communication-efficient federated learning for digital twin edge networks in industrial IoT. IEEE Trans. Industr. Inform. 17, 8 (2021), 5709–5718.
DOI: Google ScholarCross Ref - [58] . 2021. Low-latency federated learning and blockchain for edge association in digital twin empowered 6G networks. IEEE Trans. Industr. Inform. 17, 7 (2021), 5098–5107.
DOI: Google ScholarCross Ref - [59] . 2022. Digital twins in unmanned aerial vehicles for rapid medical resource delivery in epidemics. IEEE Trans. Intell. Transport. Syst. 23, 12 (2022), 25106-25114.
DOI: Google ScholarCross Ref - [60] . 2021. Diversified technologies in Internet of Vehicles under intelligent edge computing. IEEE Trans. Intell. Transport. Syst. 22, 4 (2021), 2048–2059.
DOI: Google ScholarCross Ref - [61] . 2022. Digital twins based VR simulation for accident prevention of intelligent vehicle. IEEE Trans. Vehic. Technol. 71, 4 (2022), 3414–3428.
DOI: Google ScholarCross Ref - [62] . 2022. Smart urban mobility: When mobility systems meet smart data. IEEE Trans. Intell. Transport. Syst. 23, 7 (2022), 6222–6239.
DOI: Google ScholarDigital Library - [63] . 2021. Joint UAV position optimization and resource scheduling in space-air-ground integrated networks with mixed cloud-edge computing. IEEE Syst. J. 15, 3 (2021), 3992–4002.
DOI: Google ScholarCross Ref - [64] . 2022. Digital twins: A survey on enabling technologies, challenges, trends and future prospects. IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor. 24, 4 (2022), 2255–2291.
DOI: Google ScholarCross Ref - [65] . 2021. A generative adversarial network enabled deep distributional reinforcement learning for transmission scheduling in Internet of Vehicles. IEEE Trans. Intell. Transport. Syst. 22, 7 (2021), 4550–4559.
DOI: Google ScholarDigital Library - [66] . 2019. Quantum machine learning for 6G communication networks: State-of-the-art and vision for the future. IEEE Access 7 (2019), 46317–46350.
DOI: Google ScholarCross Ref - [67] . 2021. A survey on metaverse: The state-of-the-art, technologies, applications, and challenges. CoRR abs/2111.09673 (2021).Google Scholar
- [68] . 2022. Blockchain-enabled electrical fault inspection and secure transmission in 5G smart grids. IEEE J. Select. Topics Sig. Process. 16, 1 (2022), 82–96.
DOI: Google ScholarCross Ref - [69] . 2021. Mobile edge computing enabled 5G health monitoring for Internet of Medical Things: A decentralized game theoretic approach. IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun. 39, 2 (2021), 463–478.
DOI: Google ScholarCross Ref - [70] . 2022. Partial computation offloading and adaptive task scheduling for 5G-enabled vehicular networks. IEEE Trans. Mob. Comput. 21, 4 (2022), 1319–1333.
DOI: Google ScholarCross Ref - [71] . 2021. 5G-enabled UAV-to-community offloading: Joint trajectory design and task scheduling. IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun. 39, 11 (2021), 3306–3320.
DOI: Google ScholarCross Ref - [72] . 2021. Intelligent edge computing in Internet of Vehicles: A joint computation offloading and caching solution. IEEE Trans. Intell. Transport. Syst. 22, 4 (2021), 2212–2225.
DOI: Google ScholarCross Ref - [73] . 2022. Adaptive waveform design for communication-enabled automotive radars. IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun. 21, 6 (2022), 3965–3978.
DOI: Google ScholarDigital Library - [74] . 2022. The drone scheduling problem: A systematic state-of-the-art review. IEEE Trans. Intell. Transport. Syst. 23, 9 (2022), 14224-14247.
DOI: Google ScholarDigital Library - [75] . 2023. Internet of Things centric-based multiactivity recognition in smart home environment. IEEE Internet Things J. 10, 2 (2023), 1724–1732.
DOI: Google ScholarCross Ref - [76] . 2021. Integrated sensing, computation and communication in B5G cellular Internet of Things. IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun. 20, 1 (2021), 332–344.
DOI: Google ScholarDigital Library - [77] . 2020. Edge computing in industrial Internet of Things: Architecture, advances and challenges. IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor. 22, 4 (2020), 2462–2488.
DOI: Google ScholarCross Ref - [78] . 2024. CDFi: Cross-domain action recognition using WiFi signals. IEEE Trans. Mob. Comput. (2024), 1–16.
DOI: Google ScholarCross Ref - [79] . 2022. Space-air-ground integrated network development and applications in high-speed railways: A survey. IEEE Trans. Intell. Transport. Syst. 23, 8 (2022), 10066-10085.
DOI: Google ScholarCross Ref - [80] . 2020. Communication-efficient edge AI: Algorithms and systems. IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor. 22, 4 (2020), 2167–2191.
DOI: Google ScholarCross Ref - [81] . 2021. A novel patient-centric architectural framework for blockchain-enabled healthcare applications. IEEE Trans. Industr. Inform. 17, 8 (2021), 5779–5789.
DOI: Google ScholarCross Ref - [82] . 2023. Digital twin enabled asynchronous SplitFed Learning in E-Healthcare systems. IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun. 41, 11 (2023), 3650–3661.
DOI: Google ScholarDigital Library - [83] . 2021. Adaptive federated learning and digital twin for industrial Internet of Things. IEEE Trans. Industr. Inform. 17, 8 (2021), 5605–5614.
DOI: Google ScholarCross Ref - [84] . 2020. When machine learning meets privacy in 6G: A survey. IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor. 22, 4 (2020), 2694–2724.
DOI: Google ScholarCross Ref - [85] . 2022. Digital twin-enabled IoMT system for surgical simulation using RAC-GAN. IEEE Internet Things J. 9, 21 (2022), 20918-20931.
DOI: Google ScholarCross Ref - [86] . 2022. Blockchain-based trusted traffic offloading in space-air-ground integrated networks (SAGIN): A federated reinforcement learning approach. IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun. 40, 12 (2022), 3501–3516.
DOI: Google ScholarCross Ref - [87] . 2019. Digital twin in industry: State-of-the-art. IEEE Trans. Industr. Inform. 15, 4 (2019), 2405–2415.
DOI: Google ScholarCross Ref - [88] . 2024. Collaborative computing services at ground, air, and space: An optimization approach. IEEE Trans. Vehic. Technol. 73, 1 (2024), 1491–1496.
DOI: Google ScholarCross Ref - [89] . 2020. Cross-network fusion and scheduling for heterogeneous networks in smart factory. IEEE Trans. Industr. Inform. 16, 9 (2020), 6059–6068.
DOI: Google ScholarCross Ref - [90] . 2022. Federated transfer learning based cross-domain prediction for smart manufacturing. IEEE Trans. Industr. Inform. 18, 6 (2022), 4088–4096.
DOI: Google ScholarCross Ref - [91] . 2024. Integrated sensing, communication and computation over-the-air: Beampattern design for wireless sensor networks. IEEE Internet Things J. 11, 6 (2024), 9681-9692.
DOI: Google ScholarCross Ref - [92] . 2022. Unmanned aircraft system airspace structure and safety measures based on spatial digital twins. IEEE Trans. Intell. Transport. Syst. 23, 3 (2022), 2809–2818.
DOI: Google ScholarCross Ref - [93] . 2021. Joint waveform design and passive beamforming for RIS-assisted dual-functional radar-communication system. IEEE Trans. Vehic. Technol. 70, 5 (2021), 5131–5136.
DOI: Google ScholarCross Ref - [94] . 2020. Convergence of edge computing and deep learning: A comprehensive survey. IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor. 22, 2 (2020), 869–904.
DOI: Google ScholarCross Ref - [95] . 2023. Wireless powered mobile edge computing networks: A survey. ACM Comput. Surv. (
Jan. 2023).DOI: Google ScholarDigital Library - [96] . 2024. Wireless powered metaverse: Joint task scheduling and trajectory design for multi-devices and multi-UAVs. IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun. 42, 3 (2024), 552–569.
DOI: Google ScholarDigital Library - [97] . 2023. Mean-field learning for edge computing in mobile blockchain networks. IEEE Trans. Mob. Comput. 22, 10 (2023), 5978-5994.
DOI: Google ScholarDigital Library - [98] . 2022. Online learning for distributed computation offloading in wireless powered mobile edge computing networks. IEEE Trans. Parallel Distrib. Syst. 33, 8 (2022), 1841–1855.
DOI: Google ScholarCross Ref - [99] . 2023. Dynamic UAV deployment for differentiated services: A multi-agent imitation learning based approach. IEEE Trans. Mob. Comput. 22, 4 (2023), 2131-2146.
DOI: Google ScholarDigital Library - [100] . 2022. Minimizing the age-of-critical-information: An imitation learning-based scheduling approach under partial observations. IEEE Trans. Mob. Comput. 21, 9 (2022), 3225–3238.
DOI: Google ScholarCross Ref - [101] . 2018. A city-wide real-time traffic management system: Enabling crowdsensing in social Internet of Vehicles. IEEE Commun. Mag. 56, 9 (2018), 19–25.
DOI: Google ScholarCross Ref - [102] . 2021. Joint resource allocation and UAV trajectory optimization for space–air–ground Internet of remote things networks. IEEE Syst. J. 15, 4 (2021), 4745–4755.
DOI: Google ScholarCross Ref - [103] . 2022. Blockchain-empowered space-air-ground integrated networks: Opportunities, challenges, and solutions. IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor. 24, 1 (2022), 160–209.
DOI: Google ScholarCross Ref - [104] . 2022. A survey on metaverse: Fundamentals, security, and privacy. ArXiv abs/2203.02662 (2022).Google Scholar
- [105] . 2023. Deep reinforcement learning for real-time energy management in smart home. IEEE Syst. J. 17, 2 (2023), 2489–2499.
DOI: Google ScholarCross Ref - [106] . 2022. Integrating low-complexity and flexible sensing into communication systems. IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun. 40, 6 (2022), 1873–1889.
DOI: Google ScholarDigital Library - [107] . 2024. Joint power allocation and trajectory design for UAV-enabled covert communication. IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun. 23, 1 (2024), 683–698.
DOI: Google ScholarDigital Library - [108] . 2021. A comprehensive overview on 5G-and-beyond networks with UAVs: From communications to sensing and intelligence. IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun. 39, 10 (2021), 2912–2945.
DOI: Google ScholarDigital Library - [109] . 2023. To transmit or predict: An efficient industrial data transmission scheme with deep learning and cloud-edge collaboration. IEEE Trans. Industr. Inform. 19, 11 (2023), 11322–11332.
DOI: Google ScholarCross Ref - [110] . 2019. Complete random forest based class noise filtering learning for improving the generalizability of classifiers. IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng. 31, 11 (2019), 2063–2078.
DOI: Google ScholarCross Ref - [111] . 2022. Distributed offloading for cooperative intelligent transportation under heterogeneous networks. IEEE Trans. Intell. Transport. Syst. 23, 9 (2022), 16701–16714.
DOI: Google ScholarDigital Library - [112] . 2022. GBNRS: A novel rough set algorithm for fast adaptive attribute reduction in classification. IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng. 34, 3 (2022), 1231–1242.
DOI: Google ScholarCross Ref - [113] . 2022. A full dive into realizing the edge-enabled metaverse: Visions, enabling technologies, and challenges. ArXiv abs/2203.05471 (2022).Google Scholar
- [114] . 2024. Intelligent reflecting surface enabled integrated sensing, communication and computation. IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun., 23, 3 (2024), 2212-2225.
DOI: Google ScholarDigital Library - [115] . 2020. Learning-based energy-efficient resource management by heterogeneous RF/VLC for ultra-reliable low-latency industrial IoT networks. IEEE Trans. Industr. Inform. 16, 8 (2020), 5565–5576.
DOI: Google ScholarCross Ref - [116] . 2024. SecureSense: Defending adversarial attack for secure device-free human activity recognition. IEEE Trans. Mob. Comput. 23, 1 (2024), 823–834.
DOI: Google ScholarDigital Library - [117] . 2022. Fusing blockchain and AI with metaverse: A survey. CoRR abs/2201.03201 (2022).Google Scholar
- [118] . 2022. Realizing the metaverse with edge intelligence: A match made in heaven. CoRR abs/2201.01634 (2022).Google Scholar
- [119] . 2023. Trusted mobile edge computing: DAG blockchain-aided trust management and resource allocation. IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun.
DOI: Google ScholarCross Ref - [120] . 2023. Digital twin constructed spatial structure for flexible and efficient task allocation of drones in mobile networks. IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun. 41, 11 (2023), 3430–3443.
DOI: Google ScholarDigital Library - [121] . 2021. Joint resource allocation for device-to-device communication assisted fog computing. IEEE Trans. Mob. Comput. 20, 3 (2021), 1076–1091.
DOI: Google ScholarCross Ref - [122] . 2023. ArguteDUB: Deep learning based distributed uplink beamforming in 6G-Based IoV. IEEE Trans. Mob. Comput.
DOI: Google ScholarDigital Library - [123] . 2022. A novel discriminative dictionary pair learning constrained by ordinal locality for mixed frequency data classification. IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng. 34, 10 (2022), 4572–4585.
DOI: Google ScholarDigital Library - [124] . 2021. Bayesian predictive beamforming for vehicular networks: A low-overhead joint radar-communication approach. IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun. 20, 3 (2021), 1442–1456.
DOI: Google ScholarDigital Library - [125] . 2023. Joint rate and coverage optimization for the THz/RF multi-band communications of space-air-ground integrated network in 6G. IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun. (2023).
DOI: Google ScholarCross Ref - [126] . 2024. Real-time energy scheduling applying the twin delayed deep deterministic policy gradient and data clustering. IEEE Syst. J. 18, 1 (2024), 51-60.
DOI: Google ScholarCross Ref - [127] . 2021. 3D deployment of multiple UAV-mounted base stations for UAV communications. IEEE Trans. Commun. 69, 4 (2021), 2473–2488.
DOI: Google ScholarCross Ref - [128] . 2021. SMARS: Sleep monitoring via ambient radio signals. IEEE Trans. Mob. Comput. 20, 1 (2021), 217–231.
DOI: Google ScholarDigital Library - [129] . 2022. Holographic integrated sensing and communication. IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun. 40, 7 (2022), 2114–2130.
DOI: Google ScholarCross Ref - [130] . 2023. Boros: Secure and efficient off-blockchain transactions via payment channel hub. IEEE Trans. Depend. Sec. Comput. 20, 1 (2023), 407–421.
DOI: Google ScholarCross Ref - [131] . 2022. Adaptive digital twin and multiagent deep reinforcement learning for vehicular edge computing and networks. IEEE Trans. Industr. Inform. 18, 2 (2022), 1405–1413.
DOI: Google ScholarCross Ref - [132] . 2022. Space-air-ground integrated multi-domain network resource orchestration based on virtual network architecture: A DRL method. IEEE Trans. Intell. Transport. Syst. 23, 3 (2022), 2798–2808.
DOI: Google ScholarCross Ref - [133] . 2020. Beyond D2D: Full dimension UAV-to-everything communications in 6G. IEEE Trans. Vehic. Technol. 69, 6 (2020), 6592–6602.
DOI: Google ScholarCross Ref - [134] . 2021. Edge caching and computation management for real-time Internet of Vehicles: An online and distributed approach. IEEE Trans. Intell. Transport. Syst. 22, 4 (2021), 2183–2197.
DOI: Google ScholarCross Ref - [135] . 2022. Joint transmit and receive beamforming design for integrated sensing and communication. IEEE Commun. Lett. 26, 3 (2022), 662–666.
DOI: Google ScholarCross Ref - [136] . 2022. Metaverse: Security and privacy concerns. ArXiv abs/2203.03854 (2022).Google Scholar
- [137] . 2023. Data synchronization in vehicular digital twin network: A game theoretic approach. IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun. 22, 11 (2023), 7635–7647.
DOI: Google ScholarDigital Library - [138] . 2020. Reliability-optimal cooperative communication and computing in connected vehicle systems. IEEE Trans. Mob. Comput. 19, 5 (2020), 1216–1232.
DOI: Google ScholarCross Ref - [139] . 2024. Joint optimization of mobility and reliability-guaranteed air-to-ground communication for UAVs. IEEE Trans. Mob. Comput. 23, 1 (2024), 566–580.
DOI: Google ScholarDigital Library - [140] . 2023. A federated digital twin framework for UAVs-based mobile scenarios. IEEE Trans. Mob. Comput.
DOI: Google ScholarCross Ref - [141] . 2019. Fog computing enabled future mobile communication networks: A convergence of communication and computing. IEEE Commun. Mag. 57, 5 (2019), 20–27.
DOI: Google ScholarCross Ref - [142] . 2020. Parallel transportation systems: Toward IoT-enabled smart urban traffic control and management. IEEE Trans. Intell. Transport. Syst. 21, 10 (2020), 4063–4071.
DOI: Google ScholarCross Ref - [143] . 2021. Integrated blockchain and cloud computing systems: A systematic survey, solutions, and challenges. ACM Comput. Surv. 54, 8, Article
160 (Oct. 2021), 36 pages.DOI: Google ScholarDigital Library - [144] . 2023. A survey of blockchain and artificial intelligence for 6G wireless communications. IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor. 25, 4 (2023), 2494–2528.
DOI: Google ScholarDigital Library
Index Terms
- Integration of Sensing, Communication, and Computing for Metaverse: A Survey
Recommendations
Intelligent wireless sensing driven metaverse: A survey
AbstractMetaverse seamlessly integrates the real world with the virtual world and allows avatars to carry out rich activities including creation, display, entertainment, social, and trading. It integrates the most fundamental technologies, such as ...
What is novel about the Metaverse?
AbstractThe Metaverse is not a radical departure. It is an incremental evolution. Previous virtual worlds, like Second Life, have laid the groundwork for the development of the Metaverse by providing valuable insights into virtual environments and social ...
Highlights- Conceptualising the Metaverse as an evolution of previous virtual worlds.
- Contributes to a more nuanced understanding of what the Metaverse is.
- Comparative study with Second Life to highlight the Metaverse's unique attributes.
- ...
Regulating the Metaverse, a Blueprint for the Future
Extended RealityAbstractThe core Immersive Media (IM) technologies of Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) have steadily advanced over the last thirty years, enabling high fidelity experiences at consumer prices. Over the same period, networking speeds have ...
Comments