Manipulating multiple optical parametric processes in photonic topological insulators

Zhen Jiang, Bo Ji, Yanghe Chen, Chun Jiang, and Guangqiang He

Phys. Rev. B 109, 174110 – Published 13 May 2024

Abstract

Topological quantum optics has endowed integrated quantum devices with novel functionalities, including unidirectional transport and immunity to structural defects. Here we propose topological interfaces that support two distinct edge modes with different frequency ranges. The nonlinear four-wave mixing processes in the topological interfaces lead to the generation of signal and idler photons, each corresponding to distinct edge modes. By designing a diamondlike topological structure, we can couple the signal and idler photons into opposite branches, leading to spatial separation of the photon pairs. This behavior enables on-chip generation and flexible control of the topological biphoton states. More importantly, the biphoton states are inborn topologically protected, showing robustness against sharp bends and disorders. Our proposal offers the possibility of robust, multifunctional topological quantum devices, which may find applications in quantum information processing.

Received 21 February 2024
Revised 12 April 2024
Accepted 26 April 2024

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.109.174110

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Nonlinear optics Quantum optics Topological effects in photonic systems

Condensed Matter, Materials & Applied PhysicsQuantum Information, Science & Technology

Authors & Affiliations

Zhen Jiang^1,2,*, Bo Ji^1,2,*, Yanghe Chen^1,2, Chun Jiang^1,†, and Guangqiang He ^1,2,‡

¹State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
²SJTU Pinghu Institute of Intelligent Optoelectronics, Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China

^*These authors contributed equally to this work.
^†cjiang@sjtu.edu.cn
^‡gqhe@sjtu.edu.cn

Article Text (Subscription Required)

Click to Expand

Supplemental Material (Subscription Required)

Click to Expand

References (Subscription Required)

Click to Expand

Issue

Vol. 109, Iss. 17 — 1 May 2024

Reuse & Permissions

Access Options

Author publication services for translation and copyediting assistance advertisement

Images

Figure 1
(a) Scheme of topological design supporting the generation of FWM processes is composed of shrunken ( $d = 0.18 a$ ) and expanded ( $d = 0.40 a$ ) kagome lattices with $C_{3}$ symmetry. (b) Band diagrams of unperturbed (gray dots), shrunken (green dots), and expanded (orange dots) kagome lattices, respectively. Calculated dispersion curves for the (c) sandwich topological interface, (d) topological interface 1, and (e) topological interface 2, respectively. The insets in the lower right corner show schematics of three interfaces composed of shrunken (green region) and expanded (orange region) kagome lattices. The lower insets show the electric field distributions for two edge modes.
Reuse & Permissions
Figure 2
(a) Scheme of a topological device composed of shrunken (green region) and expanded (orange region) kagome lattices, which contains two parts: a sandwich topological interface (marked by a black dashed box) and a diamondlike topological structure (the length of each side is $30 a$ ). (b) Normalized electric field monitored by two probes placed at the output ports of the two branches in the diamondlike structure. (c)–(f) Field profiles for edge modes at different frequencies in our topological device.
Reuse & Permissions
Figure 3
(a) Phase-matching intensity distribution of FWM processes in the sandwich topological interface. (b) JSA distribution and (c) corresponding JTA distribution characterizing the biphoton state generated in the sandwich topological interface, where the color bar indicates the magnitude. (d)–(f) Three parts of the density matrix $ρ$ of the quantum state corresponding to three regions (labeled by d, e, and f, respectively) in (b), where the coordinates in the horizontal plane denote different projection bases.
Reuse & Permissions
Figure 4
(a) Frequencies of the signal and idler modes resulting from the interband OPP at different pump frequencies. (b) FWM gain coefficient corresponding to interband OPP at different pump frequencies for a $400 a$ length topological waveguide (1 W pump power). (c) Signal gain as a function of pump power for the waveguide length with $L = 200 a$ , $400 a$ , and $600 a$ , respectively.
Reuse & Permissions
Figure 5
Distribution of (a) normalized Schmidt coefficients $λ_{n}$ and (b) entanglement entropy $S_{k}$ for the biphoton state generated from intraband OPP. (c) Eigenfunctions $ϕ_{n}$ ( $n = 1, 2, 3, 4$ ) for the biphoton state. (d) Normalized two-photon spectral distribution with varying pump frequencies.
Reuse & Permissions
Figure 6
Field profiles of the FWM process in the diamondlike topological structure at the frequencies of the (a) signal mode ( $f_{s} = 196$ THz), (b) pump mode ( $f_{p} = 188$ THz), and (c) idler mode( $f_{i} = 180$ THz), respectively. Field profiles of the stimulated FWM process in the expanded diamondlike topological structure at the frequencies of the (d) signal mode ( $f_{s} = 196$ THz), (e) pump mode ( $f_{p} = 188$ THz), and (f) idler mode ( $f_{i} = 180$ THz), respectively. The red empty circle marked in (f) denotes the removed cylinder.
Reuse & Permissions

Physical Review B

covering condensed matter and materials physics