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Oleanolic acid improved intestinal immune function by activating and potentiating bile acids receptor signaling in E. coli-challenged piglets J. Anim. Sci. Biotechnol. (IF 7.0) Pub Date : 2024-05-18 Chenyu Xue, Hongpeng Jia, Rujing Cao, Wenjie Cai, Weichen Hong, Jianing Tu, Songtao Wang, Qianzhi Jiang, Chongpeng Bi, Anshan Shan, Na Dong
Infection with pathogenic bacteria during nonantibiotic breeding is one of the main causes of animal intestinal diseases. Oleanolic acid (OA) is a pentacyclic triterpene that is ubiquitous in plants. Our previous work demonstrated the protective effect of OA on intestinal health, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. This study investigated whether dietary supplementation with OA
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Dietary glycine supplementation activates mTOR signaling pathway in tissues of pigs with intrauterine growth restriction J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-05-18 Wenliang He, Erin A Posey, Chandler C Steele, Jeffrey W Savell, Fuller W Bazer, Guoyao Wu
The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) cell signaling pathway serves as the central mechanism for the regulation of tissue protein synthesis and growth. We recently reported that supplementing 1% glycine to corn- and soybean meal-based diets enhanced growth performance between weaning and market weights in pigs with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Results of recent studies have revealed
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Patterns of alteration in boar semen quality from 9 to 37 months old and improvement by protocatechuic acid J. Anim. Sci. Biotechnol. (IF 7.0) Pub Date : 2024-05-17 Ruizhi Hu, Xizi Yang, Jiatai Gong, Jing Lv, Xupeng Yuan, Mingkun Shi, Chenxing Fu, Bie Tan, Zhiyong Fan, Liang Chen, Hongfu Zhang, Jianhua He, Shusong Wu
Comprehending the patterns of alteration in boar semen quality and identifying effective nutritional interventions are crucial for enhancing the productivity of commercial pig systems. This study aimed to examine the alteration in semen quality in boars, and assess the impact of protocatechuic acid (PCA) on semen quality during the phase of declining semen quality. In Exp. 1, a total of 38 Pig Improvement
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Effects of flavoring additives on feed intake, growth performance, temperament and markers of immune function for newly received feedlot cattle J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-05-17 Mustaq Ahmad, Yolande M Seddon, Marta Blanch, Gregory B Penner, Diego Moya
Ninety Angus × Hereford steers (259.9 ± 36.18 kg body weight (BW)), were used in a 56-d experiment to assess the effects of flavoring additives on feed intake, and stress and immune response of newly received feedlot cattle. Steers were homogenously distributed by BW into six pens equipped with an individual feed intake monitoring system, and pen was randomly assigned to one of three treatments (15
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On the last European giraffe, Palaeotragus inexspectatus (Mammalia: Giraffidae); new remains from the Early Pleistocene of Greece and a review of the species Zool. J. Linn. Soc. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2024-05-17 Kostantis Laskos, Dimitris S Kostopoulos
Eurasian Giraffidae went through a drastic biodiversity decline after the Miocene–Pliocene boundary; scanty palaeotragine populations are likely to have survived in Central Asia, providing the necessary stock for a Late Pliocene–Early Pleistocene expansion from Central Asia to Spain and from the Mediterranean to southern Russia. Here, we describe new giraffid findings from the Greek middle Villafranchian
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Discovery of an endemism hotspot of freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionidae) in Assam, with a description of two new genera Zool. J. Linn. Soc. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2024-05-17 Ivan N Bolotov, Jyotish Sonowal, Devid Kardong, Rajeev Pasupuleti, Nalluri V Subba Rao, Suresh Kumar Unnikrishnan, Mikhail Y Gofarov, Alexander V Kondakov, Ekaterina S Konopleva, Artem A Lyubas, Ilya V Vikhrev
The Indian subcontinent houses a unique fauna of freshwater mussels. Tectonic and biogeographic reconstructions indicate that this fauna represents a derivative of Mesozoic Gondwanan biota and that it arrived in Asia on the Indian Plate, using this tectonic block as a ‘biotic ferry’. Though a preliminary integrative revision of the Indian Unionidae was published recently, the level of endemism and
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Bringing light into deep-sea biodiversity: a systematic revision and molecular phylogeny of the genus Scaphander Montfort, 1810 (Gastropoda: Cephalaspidea), with a focus on the Indo-Pacific Zool. J. Linn. Soc. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2024-05-17 Justine Siegwald, Manuel António E Malaquias
Scaphander is a genus of mostly deep-sea, soft-bottom gastropods distributed nearly worldwide. Its taxonomic history is complex, with 32 species currently accepted, most based on shells only. In this work, we revise the diversity and systematics of Scaphander, with a focus on the Indo-Pacific region, using a detailed morphological study and molecular phylogenetics. Conchological and anatomical characters
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A matter of age? How age affects the adaptation of lactating dairy cows to virtual fencing J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-05-14 Andrea Confessore, Manuel K Schneider, Caren M Pauler, Chiara Aquilani, Patricia Fuchs, Carolina Pugliese, Camilla Dibari, Giovanni Argenti, Pier Attilio Accorsi, Massimiliano Probo
Virtual Fencing (VF) can be a helpful technology in managing herds in pasture-based systems. In VF systems, animals wear a VF-collar using global positioning, and physical boundaries are replaced by virtual ones. The Nofence (Nofence AS, Batnfjordsøra, Norway) collars used in this study emit an acoustic warning when an animal approaches the virtual boundaries, followed by an aversive electrical pulse
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The bird tear-drinking moths of the genus Hemiceratoides (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) Zool. J. Linn. Soc. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2024-05-14 Alberto Zilli, Jérôme Barbut, Leejiah J Dorward, David C Lees
New footage confirms Hemiceratoides moths to be bird tear-drinking. Bionomics of Hemiceratoides is updated, and its taxonomy revised, with descriptions of Hemiceratoides ornithopotis sp. nov. and H. avimolestum sp. nov., while Cynisca thysbe, type species of Siccyna (= Cynisca), is recombined as H. thysbe comb. nov. (thus Hemiceratoides = Siccyna synon. nov.), whereas another Siccyna, originally Cynisca
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Transcriptome analysis reveals the role of Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) in specific deposition of inosine monphosphate in Jingyuan chickens J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-05-13 Wei Zhao, Zhengyun Cai, Qiufei Jiang, Juan Zhang, Baojun Yu, Xiaofang Feng, Xi Fu, Tong Zhang, Jiahuan Hu, Yaling Gu
Inosine monphosphate (IMP) is one of the important indicators for evaluating meat flavor, and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an important role in its transcription and post-transcriptional regulation. Currently, there is little information about how lncRNA regulates the specific deposition of IMP in chicken muscle. In this study, we used transcriptome sequencing to analyze the lncRNAs of the breast
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A new sauropod species from north-western Brazil: biomechanics and the radiation of Titanosauria (Sauropoda: Somphospondyli) Zool. J. Linn. Soc. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2024-05-13 Paulo V L G C Pereira, Kamila L N Bandeira, Luciano S Vidal, Theo B Ribeiro, Carlos R dos A Candeiro, Lilian P Bergqvist
Titanosaurs were the most diverse sauropod group during the Cretaceous period, with most of its diversity being found during the Late Cretaceous. In this work, Tiamat valdecii, gen. et sp. nov. is described, a new species of basal titanosaur prospected from the Açu Formation (Albian–Cenomanian), Potiguar Basin, Ceará state, north-east Brazil. The new taxon is composed by an associated sequence of anterior
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Unveiling the emerging role of curcumin to alleviate ochratoxin A-induced muscle toxicity in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella): in vitro and in vivo studies J. Anim. Sci. Biotechnol. (IF 7.0) Pub Date : 2024-05-12 Piao Zhao, Lin Feng, Weidan Jiang, Pei Wu, Yang Liu, Hongmei Ren, Xiaowan Jin, Lu Zhang, Haifeng Mi, Xiaoqiu Zhou
Ochratoxin A (OTA), a globally abundant and extremely hazardous pollutant, is a significant source of contamination in aquafeeds and is responsible for severe food pollution. The developmental toxicity of OTA and the potential relieving strategy of natural products remain unclear. This study screened the substance curcumin (Cur), which had the best effect in alleviating OTA inhibition of myoblast proliferation
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Formation of the Calpain-1/Calpastatin Complex Promotes Activation of Calpain-1 under Oxidizing Conditions J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-05-12 Kasey R Maddock Carlin, Edward Steadham, Elisabeth Huff-Lonergan, Steven M Lonergan
Calpains are cysteine proteinases responsible for many biological roles in muscle, including protein degradation, muscle growth, and myoblast fusion. Calpains are inhibited by calpastatin, an endogenous inhibitor. Other factors, such as variations in pH, ionic strength, and oxidation influence calpain activity. This study aimed to determine the extent to which oxidation influences calpastatin inhibition
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Large-scale transcriptomic and genomic analyses reveal a novel functional gene SERPINB6 for chicken carcass traits J. Anim. Sci. Biotechnol. (IF 7.0) Pub Date : 2024-05-11 Di Zhao, Ranran Liu, Xiaodong Tan, Huimin Kang, Jie Wang, Zheng Ma, Haiquan Zhao, Hai Xiang, Zhengfen Zhang, Hua Li, Guiping Zhao
Carcass traits are crucial indicators of meat production efficiency. However, the molecular regulatory mechanisms associated with these traits remain unclear. In this study, we conducted comprehensive transcriptomic and genomic analyses on 399 Tiannong partridge chickens to identify key genes and variants associated with carcass traits and to elucidate the underlying regulatory mechanisms. Based on
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Effects of porcine somatotropin administration on the responses to dietary lysine and a near-ideal blend of amino acids on the amino acid composition of whole-body protein and amino acid accretion rate in growing pigs J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-05-11 W A Dozier III, G L Cromwell, A J Lewis, P Miller, M D Lindemann
An experiment was conducted to assess the effects of porcine somatotropin (pST) on the responses to a near-ideal blend of AA on the AA composition of empty, whole empty body (WEB) protein and WEB essential AA accretion rate in pigs from 22 to 60 kg BW. Forty Hampshire × Yorkshire gilts were individually penned and assigned to a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments consisting of 4 diets with and
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‘Birds’ of two feathers: Avicranium renestoi and the paraphyly of bird-headed reptiles (Diapsida: ‘Avicephala’) Zool. J. Linn. Soc. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2024-05-11 Valentin Buffa, Eberhard Frey, J-Sébastien Steyer, Michel Laurin
The anatomy of Late Triassic drepanosauromorphs is re-examined, with a focus on the previously published surface models of the holotype of Avicranium renestoi from the Norian of North America. We comment on the cranial anatomy of this taxon and propose a new reconstruction of the skull and mandible. Contrary to previous interpretations, the entire rostrum and most of the palate are not preserved in
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Proteo-transcriptomic profiles reveal key regulatory pathways and functions of LDHA in the ovulation of domestic chickens (Gallus gallus) J. Anim. Sci. Biotechnol. (IF 7.0) Pub Date : 2024-05-10 Ruixue Nie, Wenhui Zhang, Haoyu Tian, Junying Li, Yao Ling, Bo Zhang, Hao Zhang, Changxin Wu
In poultry, the smooth transition of follicles from the preovulatory-to-postovulatory phase impacts egg production in hens and can benefit the poultry industry. However, the regulatory mechanism underlying follicular ovulation in avians is a complex biological process that remains unclear. Critical biochemical events involved in ovulation in domestic chickens (Gallus gallus) were evaluated by transcriptomics
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IGF2BP2 regulates the proliferation and migration of endometrial stromal cells through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in Hu sheep J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-05-10 Kaiping Deng, Xiaodan Li, Zhipeng Liu, Yalong Su, Xuan Sun, Wurilege Wei, Yixuan Fan, Yanli Zhang, Feng Wang
Insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein 2 (IGF2BP2), a significant member of the conserved RNA-binding protein family, plays various roles in numerous physiological and pathological processes. However, the specific function of IGF2BP2 in regulating endometrial function in sheep remains largely unknown. In this study, we observed a significant upregulation in IGF2BP2 mRNA abundance in the
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Dietary glycine supplementation enhances syntheses of creatine and glutathione by tissues of hybrid striped bass (Morone saxatilis ♀ × Morone chrysops ♂) fed soybean meal-based diets J. Anim. Sci. Biotechnol. (IF 7.0) Pub Date : 2024-05-09 Wenliang He, Xinyu Li, Guoyao Wu
We recently reported that supplementing glycine to soybean meal-based diets is necessary for the optimum growth of 5- to 40-g (Phase-I) and 110- to 240-g (Phase-II) hybrid striped bass (HSB), as well as their intestinal health. Although glycine serves as an essential substrate for syntheses of creatine and glutathione (GSH) in mammals (e.g., pigs), little is known about these metabolic pathways or
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Effects of dietary multienzymes on the growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, nutrient digestibility, excreta noxious gas emission and nutrient transporter gene expression in white feather broilers J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-05-09 Wuzhou Yi, Qixin Huang, Yanjie Liu, Shijun Fu, Tizhong Shan
Adding multienzymes to poultry feed rations is recognized as a nutritional strategy aimed at improving poultry performance and health status. Nonetheless, some literatures present an ongoing debate about the extent of multienzymes beneficial impact on poultry growth performance. This study aimed to explore the impacts of dietary multienzyme supplementation on broilers, focusing specifically on growth
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Soybean molasses increases subcutaneous fat deposition while reducing lipid oxidation in the meat of castrated lambs J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-05-09 Sérgio A G Pereira-Junior, Rayanne V Costa, Julia L Rodrigues, Juliana A Torrecilhas, Marcos R Chiaratti, Dante P D Lanna, Julia C das Chagas, Ricardo P Nociti, Flavio V Meirelles, José Bento S Ferraz, Márcia H M R Fernandes, Marco Túlio C Almeida, Jane M B Ezequiel
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of including soybean molasses (SM) on performance, blood parameters, carcass traits, meat quality, fatty acid and muscle (longissimus thoracis) transcriptomic profiles of castrated lambs. Twenty Dorper × Santa Inês lambs (20.06 ± 0.76 kg BW) were assigned to a randomized block design, stratified by BW, with the following treatments: CON - 0 g/kg of SM and SM20
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Improving Broiler Health through Cecal Microbiota Transplantation: A Comprehensive Study on Growth, Immunity, and Microbial Diversity J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-05-09 Anam Khalid, Zhengxuan Huang, Ibrar Muhammad Khan, Fatima Khalid, Nourhan Nassar, Xinyu Jiang, Maoji Cheng, Kai Zhan, Zaigui Wang
Cecal microbiota has emerged as a prominent intervention target for improving the production and welfare of poultry. This is essential for the overall health and performance of broiler chickens. The current study focused on investigating the effect of cecal microbiota transplantation (CMT) from healthy donor chickens on the growth performance, immunity, and microbial composition of newly hatched chicks
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Short Communication: Higher abundance of 2-dehydro-d-gluconate in the plasma of sub-fertile or infertile Bos taurus heifers J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-05-09 Mackenzie Marrella, Sarah E D Moorey, Shawn R Campagna, Qudus Sarumi, Fernando H Biase
Infertility or subfertility impacts approximately 5% and 15% of dairy and beef heifers (Bos taurus), respectively. Heifers that do not produce a calf within an optimum window of time have a significant negative impact on the profitability and sustainability of the cattle industry. Selection of heifers based on their fertility potential remains a challenge yet to be resolved. Here, we tested the hypothesis
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Exploring the genetic control of sweat gland characteristics in beef cattle for enhanced heat tolerance J. Anim. Sci. Biotechnol. (IF 7.0) Pub Date : 2024-05-08 Aakilah S. Hernandez, Gabriel A. Zayas, Eduardo E. Rodriguez, Kaitlyn M. Sarlo Davila, Fahad Rafiq, Andrea N. Nunez, Cristiane Gonçalves Titto, Raluca G. Mateescu
Thermal stress in subtropical regions is a major limiting factor in beef cattle production systems with around $369 million being lost annually due to reduced performance. Heat stress causes numerous physiological and behavioral disturbances including reduced feed intake and decreased production levels. Cattle utilize various physiological mechanisms such as sweating to regulate internal heat. Variation
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Methane output across life stages in sheep, how it differs from lambs to adult ewes using portable accumulation chambers J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-05-08 Edel O’ Connor, Nóirín McHugh, Eoin Dunne, Tommy M Boland, Henry Walsh, Norann Galvin, Fiona M McGovern
Methane (CH4) produced from enteric fermentation is a potent greenhouse gas produced by ruminant animals. Multiple measurements are required across life stages to develop an understanding of how CH4 output changes throughout the animal’s lifetime. The objectives of the current study were to estimate CH4 output across life stages in sheep and to investigate the relationship between CH4 output and dry
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Identification and Characterization of long non-coding RNAs in Mammary Gland Tissues of Chinese Holstein Cows J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-05-08 Yanru Wang, Yan Liang, Yuxin Xia, Mengqi Wang, Huimin Zhang, Mingxun Li, Zhangping Yang, Niel A Karrow, Yongjiang Mao
LncRNAs (Long non-coding RNA) is an RNA molecule with a length more than 200bp. LncRNAs can directly act on mRNA, thus affecting the expression of downstream target genes and proteins, and widely participate in many important physiological and pathological regulation processes of the body. In this study, RNA-Seq was performed to detect lncRNAs from mammary gland tissues of 3 Chinese Holstein cows,
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A multi-locus phylogeny for the Diamesinae (Chironomidae: Diptera) provides new insights into evolution of an amphitropical clade Zool. J. Linn. Soc. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2024-05-08 Alexander A Semenchenko, Peter S Cranston, Eugenyi A Makarchenko
Diamesinae is a subfamily of Chironomidae, whose species live in cold lotic or oligotrophic lentic habitats with global distribution excepting Antarctica. The cool stenothermic ecology of nearly all diamesines produces a typical amphitropical pattern of absence at tropical latitudes, except at high elevation. Recent attention has focused on the species discovery, while evolutionary relationships at
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Effects of improved amino acid balance diet on lysine mammary utilization, whole body protein turnover and muscle protein breakdown on lactating sows J. Anim. Sci. Biotechnol. (IF 7.0) Pub Date : 2024-05-07 Sai Zhang, Juan C. Marini, Vengai Mavangira, Andrew Claude, Julie Moore, Mahmoud A. Mohammad, Nathalie L. Trottier
The study objective was to test the hypothesis that low crude protein (CP) diet with crystalline amino acids (CAA) supplementation improves Lys utilization efficiency for milk production and reduces protein turnover and muscle protein breakdown. Eighteen lactating multiparous Yorkshire sows were allotted to 1 of 2 isocaloric diets (10.80 MJ/kg net energy): control (CON; 19.24% CP) and reduced CP with
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Pangenome and multi-tissue gene atlas provide new insights into the domestication and highland adaptation of yaks J. Anim. Sci. Biotechnol. (IF 7.0) Pub Date : 2024-05-06 Daoliang Lan, Wei Fu, Wenhui Ji, Tserang-Donko Mipam, Xianrong Xiong, Shi Ying, Yan Xiong, Peng Sheng, Jiangping Ni, Lijun Bai, Tongling Shan, Xiangdong Kong, Jian Li
The genetic diversity of yak, a key domestic animal on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP), is a vital resource for domestication and breeding efforts. This study presents the first yak pangenome obtained through the de novo assembly of 16 yak genomes. We discovered 290 Mb of nonreference sequences and 504 new genes. Our pangenome-wide presence and absence variation (PAV) analysis revealed 5,120 PAV-related
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Postembryonic development and lifestyle shift in the commensal ribbon worm Front. Zool. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2024-05-06 Natsumi Hookabe, Rei Ueshima, Toru Miura
Various morphological adaptations are associated with symbiotic relationships between organisms. One such adaptation is seen in the nemertean genus Malacobdella. All species in the genus are commensals of molluscan hosts, attaching to the surface of host mantles with a terminal sucker. Malacobdella possesses several unique characteristics within the order Monostilifera, exhibiting the terminal sucker
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FF-MAS prevents porcine ovarian granulosa cells from hypoxia-induced apoptosis via inhibiting STAT4 expression J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-05-07 Zhaojun Liu, Chengyu Li, Qianqian Chen, Chenyu Bai, Gang Wu, Chen Fu, Tong He, Ming Shen, Chungang Feng, Honglin Liu
Follicular fluid meiosis-activating sterol (FF-MAS) is a small molecule compound found in follicular fluid, named for its ability to induce oocyte resumption of meiosis. Granulosa cells (GCs) within the follicle are typically located in a hypoxic environment under physiologic conditions due to limited vascular distribution. Previous research suggests that hypoxia-induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis
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A Role for miRNAs in the Regulation of Brown Adipose Tissue Whitening in Goats (Capra Hircus) J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-05-07 Le Zhao, Minhao Li, Min Xiao, Meixi Chen, Haili Yang, Yongju Zhao
A study of the mechanism of and metabolic regulation of brown adipose tissue (BAT) production is important for improving the survival rate of young animals. In the present study, we observed that perirenal adipose tissue in goats undergoes a rapid BAT whitening after birth. However, the underlying regulatory mechanism remains unknown. To address this further, we investigated the role of miRNAs in regulating
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Ancient mitogenomes reveal evidence for the Late Miocene dispersal of mergansers to the Southern Hemisphere Zool. J. Linn. Soc. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2024-05-07 Nicolas J Rawlence, Alexander J F Verry, Theresa L Cole, Lara D Shepherd, Alan J D Tennyson, Murray Williams, Jamie R Wood, Kieren J Mitchell
Mergansers are riverine and coastal piscivorous ducks that are widespread throughout North America and Eurasia but uncommon in the Southern Hemisphere. One species occurs in South America and at least two extinct species are known from New Zealand. It has been proposed that these Southern Hemisphere merganser lineages were founded by at least two independent dispersal events from the Northern Hemisphere
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Heat stress alters hematological parameters in barrows and gilts J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-05-06 Tori E Rudolph, Melissa Roths, Alyssa D Freestone, Sarah H White-Springer, Robert P Rhoads, Lance H Baumgard, Joshua T Selsby
The purpose of this investigation was to establish the role biological sex plays on circulating factors following heat stress (HS). Barrows and gilts (36.8 ± 3.7 kg body weight) were kept in either thermoneutral (TN; 20.8 ± 1.6 °C; 62.0 ± 4.7 % relative humidity; n = 8/sex) conditions or exposed to HS (39.4 ± 0.6 °C; 33.7 ± 6.3 % relative humidity) for either 1 (HS1; n = 8/sex) or 7 (HS7; n = 8/sex)
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Investigation of the nutritional and functional roles of a combinational use of xylanase and β-glucanase on intestinal health and growth of nursery pigs J. Anim. Sci. Biotechnol. (IF 7.0) Pub Date : 2024-05-05 Hyunjun Choi, Yesid Garavito Duarte, Guilherme A. M. Pasquali, Sung Woo Kim
Xylanase and β-glucanase combination (XG) hydrolyzes soluble non-starch polysaccharides that are anti-nutritional compounds. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of increasing levels of XG on intestinal health and growth performance of nursery pigs. Forty pigs (6.5 ± 0.4 kg) were assigned to 5 dietary treatments and fed for 35 d in 3 phases (11, 9, and 15 d, respectively). Basal diets mainly included
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190 Phytogenic feed additive improved growth performance and health of nursery pigs in diets with and without combination of several feed additives J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-05-05 Sabrina May, Caroline Gonzalez Vega, Brooke Smith, Kory Moran, Ellyn Teddy
An experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that a phytogenic feed additive (Fresta Protect, Delacon, Austria) would improve growth performance and health indices of nursery pigs fed diets with or without other feed additives. Weaned pigs (n = 1,380; 19 d old with initial body weight (BW) = 5.5 ± 0.3 kg] were allotted to 10 replicate pens per treatment (23 pigs per pen) in 2 barns. Pens were
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42 Group sow housing considerations for improved survival and productivity J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-05-05 Roger Campbell
Group sow housing considerations for improved survival and productivity. The Australian pork industry decided in 2010 to voluntarily phase out stall housing for pregnant sows by 2017. The change was supported by extensive R&D by the Pork CRC for High Integrity Australian Pork and the time line was brought forward by two major retailers in Australia. For 85 to 90% of producers the transition was complete
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22 Feeding the early gestating gilt during heat stress: Implications towards fetal viability, growth, and development J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-05-05 MaryKate Byrd, Kara R Stewart, Jonathan A Pasternak, Jay S Johnson
Gestational heat stress (GHS) directly impacts litter development and viability and has long term negative postnatal effects on offspring. However, current data on the interactions between GHS, maternal feed energy partitioning, and fetal development measures in pigs are limited. Therefore, the study objective was to gain a greater understanding of how early GHS influences fetal development and viability
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175 Impact of common dietary strategies on piglet growth and scouring with an enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli F18 challenge J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-05-05 Chloe S Hagen, Laura L Greiner
This experiment evaluated the impact of various dietary treatments on the growth and scouring of piglets post-wean and following an enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli F18 infection (ETEC). A total of 240 pigs (PIC 337 x 1050, Genus, Henderson, TN) were randomly assigned to 40 mixed-sex pens (6 pigs/pen) for a 6-wk experiment. At arrival, all pigs were genotyped for fucosyltransferase (FUT1). Pens were
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282 Effect of dietary supplementation with guanidinoacetic acid, a creatine precursor, in gestating and lactating sows on sow and litter performance J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-05-05 S M S Mendoza, L Bauer, John K Htoo, Sarah Asmussen, S Richert
Guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) is the immediate metabolic precursor of creatine. Sows undergo periods of high energy demand and dietary supplementation of GAA can support the creatine/phosphocreatine energy system. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation of GAA in sows on sow and litter performance. Sows (n = 150; Danbred x Pietrain, parity 1 to 7) were allocated
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PSV-8 Development of genetically engineered microbes as probiotics to enhance ruminant productivity J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-05-05 Tien Doan, Alison C Neujahr, Samodha C Fernando
Alternatives to antibiotics (especially metaphylactic use of antibiotics in livestock) are critically needed to ensure animal and human health while meeting the increasing food demand of the growing human population. One of the proposed alternatives to antibiotic use that is gaining momentum is the use of probiotics or direct-fed microbials (DFMs), which are live microbes that have specialized functions
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188 A combination of green tea and butyric acid as a potential alternative for zinc oxide improves gut microbiota composition and growth performance in weaning pigs J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-05-05 Sungbo Cho, Robie Vasquez, Ji Hoon Song, Dae-Kung Kang, In Ho Kim
Antibiotic growth promotor (AGP) and zinc oxide (ZnO) has been shown to inhibit bile salt hydrolase (BSH) activity, resulting in improved animal growth performance and reduced post-weaning diarrhea but, their usage should be minimized at pig farms. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of green tea and butyric acid (hereafter called Gutluk) as alternative BSH inhibitors on the growth
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PSV-4 Exposure to prenatal tributyrin improved pre-weaning growth performance and reduced fat deposition in the muscle of market age pigs J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-05-05 Elizabeth Cooper, Robert Murray, Rousset Palou, Grace I Markley, Chad H Stahl
Organic acids, including short chain fatty acids, medium chain fatty acids, and tricarboxylic acid, are used as alternatives to antibiotics for the purpose of growth promotion in livestock species. Butyric acid has been used extensively for its various functions in intestinal health and barrier function, as well as its actions as a histone deacetylase inhibitor. Many of the issues relating to using
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278 Phytogenic feed additive increased sow lactation average daily feed intake, litter weaning weight, and subsequent conception rate when fed in summer environmental conditions J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-05-05 Molly L McGhee, Chad M Pilcher, Brent Frederick, Kory Moran
An experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that feeding a phytogenic feed additive (Fresta F, Delacon, Austria) to sows during lactation would increase lactation average daily feed intake (ADFI) during natural heat stress from summer environmental conditions. At the time of entry to lactation facilities, 192 sows were randomly allotted by parity and within farrowing batch to one of two treatments
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47 Application of a ‘high’ or ‘low’ energy matrix to a nutrient-reduced diet supplemented with a novel phytase maintained growth performance and conferred production and sustainability benefit J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-05-05 Ester Vinyeta, Vanessa Lagos, Francesc Molist, Deepak E E Velayudhan, Yueming Dersjant-Li
This study assessed the capacity of a novel consensus bacterial 6-phytase variant (PhyG) to maintain growth performance of weaned pigs when added to a nutrient-reduced mixed cereal diet with two levels of dietary net energy (NE) reduction applied. A total of 360 newly weaned pigs [Greater York × Norsvin Landrace; initial body weight (BW) 8.4 ± 0.78 kg] were assigned to 60 floor-pens and 5 dietary treatments
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207 Impacts of beak trimming and dietary fiber on welfare and productivity of laying hens J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-05-05 Haipeng Shi, Samar Tolba, Vanessa Leone, Sarah J Adcock
Beak trimming is a routine management practice in the egg industry to reduce damage caused by injurious pecking; however, it raises welfare concerns including pain and sensory loss. Dietary manipulation may be a feasible and welfare-friendly alternative to beak trimming in laying hens. Here, we hypothesized that dietary inclusion of insoluble fiber (chitin) throughout the starter and grower periods
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200 Effects of zinc oxide removal and different nutritional plans on the growth performance, health, and behavior of nursery pigs from different genetic lines J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-05-05 Vitor Moita, Jordi Camp, Carine M Vier, Wayne R Cast, Steve Dritz, Luis E Zaragoza, Danielle Wilson-Wells, Ning Lu, Weasley A Orlando, Jose Landero, Malachy Young
This study was conducted to investigate the impacts of the removal of zinc oxide (ZnO) supplemented at pharmaceutical levels and different nutritional plans on the growth performance, health, and behavior of nursery pigs from different genetic sire lines. A total of 1,440 newly weaned barrows and gilts were housed into nursery pens with 30 pigs/pen (0.25m2/pig). Pigs were assigned to eight groups following
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233 Inclusion of a multispecies fungal feed additive in forage-based diets fed to beef cattle: Effects on growth performance and ruminal fermentation J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-05-05 Alejandro Pittaluga, Alejandro E Relling
The objective was to evaluate the effect of adding a multispecies fungal feed additive (MFA; Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus oryzae) to forage-based diets fed to beef cattle on growth performance and ruminal fermentation. Experiment 1 evaluated the effect of supplementing Angus × SimAngus-crossbred steers [n = 80; initial body weight (BW) = 370 ± 44 kg] with varying doses of an MFA
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308 Awardee Talk: Prevention and mitigation of pathogens in feed and feed manufacturing systems J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-05-05 Olivia Harrison, Jason C Woodworth, Chad B Paulk, Jordan T Gebhardt, Cassandra K Jones
Prior to 2013, pathogen transmission through feed was focused primarily on bacteria and biosecurity was used to prevent adulterant entry into the ingredients and the feed mills. Following the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) outbreak in 2013, research focused on pathogen mitigation and control quickly became a subject of interest. Since PEDV, multiple endemic viruses and foreign animal diseases
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PSIV-19 Effects of Flavolac feed top dress in lactation on sow body weight change and litter performance J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-05-05 Rafe Q Royall, Karley Stephens, Mike D Tokach, Jason C Woodworth, Joel M DeRouchey, Jordan T Gebhardt, Analia Ribeiro da Silva, Kyle Coble, Jimmy Karl, Paul Corns, Tag Bradley
A total of 271 mixed parity sows (PIC 1050) were used to evaluate the effect of feeding Flavolac in lactation diets on sow farrowing performance and litter growth performance during summer conditions. Flavolac (Agroceres Multimix; Rio Claro, Sao Paulo, Brazil) is a commercial product containing several compounds, including amino acids, antioxidants, botanicals, direct fed-microbials, and vitamin-like
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3 The impact of early-life cecal microbiota transplantation on injurious behaviors in egg-laying chickens J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-05-05 Yuechi Fu, Jiaying Hu, Huanmin Zhang, Marisa A Erasmus, Heng-wei Cheng, Timothy A Johnson
Injurious behaviors in laying hens are a critical issue facing the poultry egg industry. Recent studies have shown that the gut microbiota influences host brain function and behavioral characteristics in humans and various animals. In laying hens, it has been reported that injurious behaviors (such as aggression, feather pecking and cannibalism) are associated with dysregulation of the microbiota-gut-brain
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PSVI-17 Inclusion of glutathione precursor to diet of sows from d 114of lactation through to weaning d 21 improves serum hormone concentrations and piglet performance J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-05-05 Kyejin Lee, Sungbo Cho, Sumaya Tanzin Wahid, In Ho Kim
Glutathione (GSH) is a critical endogenous antioxidant found in all eukaryotic cells and has a critical role in maintaining redox homeostasis. Greater GSH concentrations protect cellular damage, tissue degeneration, and disease progression in various models but very limited study exists in swine model. Thus, we aimed to examine the effect of GSH supplementation on lactating sows and their suckling
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288 Effects of increasing water concentrations of oregano essential oil supplementation for lactating sows J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-05-05 Alexandra Fisk, Alicia Denton, Taw Scaff, Kara Pound, Rafael A Cabrera, M Dolores Cabrera, Kara R Stewart, Brian T Richert
The use of essential oils as a supplement for sows has gained attention in recent years to potentially improve sow and litter performance. Sows (n = 182; avg. lactation length = 19.8 d) were blocked by parity, genetics, estimated farrowing date, and randomly allotted to one of four treatments when entering the farrowing barn. Treatments included: control, 0 mL, (CON, n = 46), 31 mL (L-OEO, n = 45)
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76 Effect of 0.79% top-dressed arginine supplementation at different gestation periods and seasons on the colostrum composition and productive performance of sows and piglets J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-05-05 Sara Virdis, Diana Luise, Federico Correa, Francesco Palumbo, Clara Negrini, Gabriella Orazzo, Maria Vittoria Graziosi, Umberto Rolla, Paolo Trevisi
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of supplementation with 0.79% top-dressed arginine (Arg) at different gestation periods and seasons on the productive performance and colostrum composition of sows. A total of 320 sows were divided into 4 feeding groups (80 sows/group) under 2 different seasons (summer and winter): a control group (CO) fed a standard diet and 3 groups supplemented with 0.79%
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66 A novel analytical method for identifying periods of increased mortality in individual wean-to-finish pig barns J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-05-05 Caleb J Grohmann, Jared E Decker, Caleb M Shull, Erin J Lowe, Jon Hoek, Kevin Schnarre, Dale D Polson
Mortality rates in all phases of pork production have increased over the past several years. Decreasing mortality rate is of utmost economic importance to producers, especially in weaning-to-finishing pigs where additional investment in feed, medications, and other inputs are expended. A novel analytical method was used to identify sequences of days of increased mortality, defined as mortality episodes
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228 The effect of temperature-humidity index in different pregnancy stages on litter traits in Taiwan Landrace sows J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-05-05 Kai-Hsiang Lin, Billy Flowers, Jicai Jiang, Mark Knauer, En-Chung Lin
Because of climate change, annual average temperatures are gradually rising. Hence, increasing heat stress can impair the litter traits of Taiwanese sows located in tropical and subtropical zones. However, some pregnancy stages may be impacted more by heat stress than other periods. Thus, the purpose of this study was to demonstrate the effect of temperature-humidity index (THI) in different pregnancy
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170 Feeding the modern sow: Unlocking the value of dietary fiber J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-05-05 David S Rosero
Our understanding of dietary fiber in sow nutrition is evolving rapidly, shifting from a once-overlooked portion of the diet to a critical component influencing intestinal functionality, gut microbiota, and modulation of digestion and metabolism. Recent advancements in fiber nutrition and analytical methods have highlighted its significance in optimizing sow lifetime productivity and welfare through
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227 Comparative analysis of rumen bacterial communities from bison heifers fed two forage-based diets of different quality J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-05-05 Anlly M Fresno Rueda, Benoit St-Pierre, Carter Kruse
Bison have a demonstrated ability to thrive on low-quality forage, an attribute that distinguishes them from their domestic ruminant counterparts. This could be attributed to the capability of their rumen symbiotic microorganisms in extracting more nutrients out of plant biomass. To gain further insight into the role of the bison microbiome in this beneficial adaptation, the primary objective of this
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126 A nutritional solution based on calcidiol (25-OH-D3, HyD) and triterpenoid affects muscle protein synthesis pathways in grower-finisher pigs J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-05-05 Laura Payling, Luis F Romero, Ursula M M McCormack, Maria C Walsh, Laurent Roger, Estefania Perez Calvo
To boost profitability in pig production, it is important to achieve increased lean growth rates and maximize efficiency, especially in grower-finisher pigs where feed intakes are high. Molecular research, especially the study of gene expression, is a proven tool for understanding the precise mechanisms behind muscle tissue growth, including a recent focus on pathways such as the mammalian target of
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PSV-15 Effect of functional amino acids and fiber on growth performance of post-weaning pigs J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-05-05 Caroline Gonzalez Vega, Stephanie Walston, Sabrina May, Qiong Hu, Richard Faris
This study evaluated the effect of increasing levels of functional amino acids (FAA), including Met, Thr, and Trp with 1.4% standardized ileal digestible (SID) Lys on performance and the effect of high levels of fiber when high levels of FAA combined. A total of 216 pigs [21 d old; 6.46 ± 0.63 kg body weight (BW)] were allotted to one of 6 treatments with 3 pigs of single sex per pen, and 12 replicates/treatment