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Militant cynicism: Rethinking Private Eye in postwar Britain, ca. 1960–80 Journal of British Studies (IF 0.764) Pub Date : 2024-04-19 Tom Crook
This article seeks to rethink the nature and significance of the fortnightly magazine Private Eye during its first two decades. Existing accounts have interpreted it almost exclusively through the lens of the “satire boom” (1961–63), and suggest that, in the final analysis, the magazine neither desired nor advanced any substantial critique of the political status quo. Besides neglecting its investigative
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One British Archive: Seeing the Rev. John Clifford Archives and the Gender of Passive Resistance Journal of British Studies (IF 0.764) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 Seth Koven
This article discusses the archives of Westbourne Park Baptist Church in London and its world-renowned pastor in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, Dr. John Clifford. As leader of the National Passive Resistance League, the fiery Clifford came to be synonymous with the Nonconformist conscience at the height of its political influence in the early twentieth century. The article foregrounds
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The Popular Politics of Local Petitioning in Early Modern England Journal of British Studies (IF 0.764) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 Brodie Waddell
This article examines the rise of a culture of local petitioning, through which growing numbers of ordinary people sought to win the support of state authorities through collective claims to represent the “voice of the people” at the local level. These participatory, subscriptional practices were an essential component in the intensification of popular politics in the seventeenth century. The analysis
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Responding to Mass Atrocities in Southeast Europe: History and Memory of World War II and Its Aftermath in European Perspective. Introduction Journal of Modern European History (IF 0.214) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 Kateřina Králová, Sabina Ferhadbegović
This article introduces the complex historical and memory landscape of Southeast Europe in connection with the Second World War and its aftermath. In what ways have responses to mass atrocities in the region been shaped, how have they permeated public discourse, and to what extent have they been reflected in the entangled Balkan history? By analysing occupation, genocide, resistance, collaboration
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Urban Political Structure and Inequality: Political Economy Lessons from Early Modern German Cities The Journal of Economic History (IF 2.459) Pub Date : 2024-04-15 Felix Schaff
What was the impact of urban political structure on preindustrial wealth inequality? I document that more closed political institutions were associated with higher inequality in a panel of early-modern German cities. To investigate the mechanisms behind that macro-relationship, I construct a unique individual-level panel dataset on personal wealth and political office-holding in the city-state of Nördlingen
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A Decade after the Arab Revolutions: Reflections on the Evolution of Questions about the SWANA Region International Review of Social History (IF 0.7) Pub Date : 2024-04-15 Leyla Dakhli
On 17 December 2010, the self-immolation of a young street vendor in Sidi Bouzid, a town in inland Tunisia, instigated the uprisings that became known as the Arab Spring or the Arab Revolutions – a wording that I will use here as a translation from the Arabic al-thawrât al-`arabiyya. Observers were shocked at the radical protests arising in these regions, where authoritarian regimes had crushed all
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Xhafer Deva: Nationalism, Collaboration and Mass Murder in Pursuit of a ‘Greater Albanian’ State Journal of Modern European History (IF 0.214) Pub Date : 2024-04-15 Franziska Zaugg
Xhafer Deva is one of the most notorious figures in the history of World War II in Kosovo and ‘Greater Albania’. As Minister of the Interior of the ‘Greater Albanian’ state and a Nazi collaborator, he was responsible for the assassination, deportation and expulsion of countless Serbs. At the same time, he fought for the integration of Kosovo into Albania. As such, notwithstanding the mass atrocities
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To their Credit: The Aristocracy and Commercial Credit in Europe, c.1750–1820 Journal of Modern European History (IF 0.214) Pub Date : 2024-04-13 Johanna Ilmakunnas, Anne S Overkamp, Jon Stobart
The aristocracy and their use of commercial credit are seldom explored in the European comparative context despite important studies of the French aristocracy and their credit relations with shopkeepers, tradesmen and fashion merchants. This article studies the aristocracy and commercial credit in England, Germany and Sweden, by drawing on the normative literature and the account books, receipted bills
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Nazi Crimes, Max Merten and his Prosecution as Reflected in Greece and beyond Journal of Modern European History (IF 0.214) Pub Date : 2024-04-13 Kateřina Králová, Katerina Lagos
The prosecution of Max Merten (1911–1971), the only Nazi war criminal accused of Holocaust involvement in Greece, coincided not only with the start of the Greek-German negotiations on victim compensation but also with the Eichmann trial. In 1959, the Merten Case provoked a massive public backlash, both because of the gravity of his crimes and because of his impending extradition to West Germany. We
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Nazi Constitutional Designs: The State Secretaries’ Meetings and the Annexation of East Central Europe European History Quarterly (IF 0.805) Pub Date : 2024-04-09 Darren O’Byrne
This article examines the state secretaries’ meetings as an instrument of government in Nazi Germany. They are mostly known as the forum at which the infamous Wannsee Conference took place, but here the 20 January 1942 meeting will be situated in a context previously ignored by historians by showing that such gatherings were an increasingly regular occurrence during the ‘Third Reich’, and that a range
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‘The Way We Were’: Everyday Life in Fascist Italy and Lessons of Alltagsgeschichte European History Quarterly (IF 0.805) Pub Date : 2024-04-09 Joshua Arthurs, Kate Ferris
This article shows the benefits to be drawn by applying to Fascist Italy an approach that has emerged within the German literature on Nazism within the field of Alltagsgeschichte or the history of everyday life. That approach has the potential to counter a nostalgic, rose-tinted and depoliticized view of life under Fascism, which has arisen in Italian public discourse since the crisis of anti-Fascism
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Nazi Elite-School Pupils as Youth Ambassadors: Between Fascist Italy and the Third Reich European History Quarterly (IF 0.805) Pub Date : 2024-04-09 Helen Roche
Focused on transnational exchanges, this article examines a series of trips to Fascist Italy that were undertaken by pupils of Nazi elite schools in their role as youth ambassadors of the Third Reich. As a form of cultural diplomacy that continued during the Second World War, these trips were part of Fascist and Nazi efforts to foster a new cultural order. However, although intended to strengthen ties
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Printing and Bookselling in Rodez, 1624–1820: An Essay in Socio-Cultural History European History Quarterly (IF 0.805) Pub Date : 2024-04-09 Peter R. Campbell
This article focuses on the history of the Rodez printing firm in provincial France from 1624 to 1820 (although the firm ran until 1984). In contrast to the world of clandestine printing and bookselling, very little is known about the lives of ordinary sedentary printers in ancien-régime France. The paper is organized in three parts and considers the following issues. How did the firm operate, who
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All Roads Lead to Rome? Pope Pius XII and Non-Confessional Internationalism During and After the Second World War (1944–1948) European History Quarterly (IF 0.805) Pub Date : 2024-04-09 Sante Lesti
Religion is the great absentee in the history of internationalism. Earlier studies have begun to highlight the critical role played by religious internationalism in the making of the modern world, but the relations between non-confessional internationalism and religious actors have, to date, been completely overlooked. This article explores the relationship between non-confessional internationalism
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Acts of Self-Representation: Nazi-Fascist Wartime Cultural Diplomacy European History Quarterly (IF 0.805) Pub Date : 2024-04-09 Marla Stone
This article probes culture as a site of both cooperation and rivalry by examining two exhibitions, of 1939 and 1942, which were jointly supported by Hitler's Germany and Mussolini's Italy. These under-researched exhibitions reveal how the two regimes shared a common belief in culture as a tool of mobilization, but differed in their visions of race, culture, ideology and war.
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Women in Politics and the Public Sphere: Munich 1918/1919 European History Quarterly (IF 0.805) Pub Date : 2024-04-09 Corinne Painter
Women have never been passive bystanders to the history being made around them and they have always found ways to contribute to shaping their world. Munich in 1918/1919 provides a useful site to examine women's experiences and roles due to the long-standing involvement of women in the peace movement and welfare work, as well as the foundation of the Bavarian Soviet Republic after the First World War
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The First Tourist Encounters in Mallorca (1837–1842): Colonial Denationalization and Local Resistance in Music and Dance Performance European History Quarterly (IF 0.805) Pub Date : 2024-04-09 Antoni Vives Riera
Although tourist performance of local identity has been regarded as an instrument of everyday nation-building from below, this article describes the opposite phenomenon as Mallorca became a tourist destination in the nineteenth century. The island's identity embodied through tourist dance performances, led to denationalization and subaltern silencing in the production process of a Mediterranean and
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Ottó Kornis, a Forgotten Author and Survivor of the Nazi Camps Journal of Modern European History (IF 0.214) Pub Date : 2024-04-08 Zoltán Tibori-Szabó
In May 1944, at the age of 33, the lawyer and writer Ottó Kornis was crammed into a cattle car in his native Transylvanian town, Kolozsvár (in Romanian: Cluj; after 1974: Cluj-Napoca) with 72 of his fellow Jewish citizens, his parents included. They were deported to Auschwitz-Birkenau. His parents were murdered upon arrival. Out of all the passengers in that cattle car, only he and four other Jews
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Transfer of Ideas and Exile Sociability in Paris, 1830–1848: A Localized Intellectual History Journal of Modern European History (IF 0.214) Pub Date : 2024-04-08 Camille Creyghton
In the 1830s and the 1840s, Paris was a gathering place for numerous political exiles from different nationalities, including Germans, Italians and Poles. The French capital offered them the opportunity to publish, debate and transnationally exchange ideas with one another in ways that were impossible in their home countries. This article develops a research perspective on these exiles that connects
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Timber trade in the United States of America 1870 to 2017. A socio-metabolic analysis Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History (IF 1.647) Pub Date : 2024-04-04 Léonore Darrobers, Simone Gingrich, Andreas Magerl
The importance of international timber trade in The United States forest transition is poorly understood. Here, we synthesize a variety of historical sources to establish a consistent socio-metabol...
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Downtown Toronto’s emergent properties: Exploring new methods for using port records to disaggregate urban metabolism in Toronto, Ontario, 1850-1926 Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History (IF 1.647) Pub Date : 2024-04-04 Andrew Watson, Joshua MacFadyen, Hannah Willness
Between 1850 and 1926 Ontario’s capital city, Toronto, grew from a small colonial port to one of the largest cities on the Great Lakes. In this article we introduce a rich time series dataset of sh...
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Measuring the Partisan Behavior of U.S. Newspapers, 1880 to 1980 The Journal of Economic History (IF 2.459) Pub Date : 2024-04-05 Shigeo Hirano, James M. Snyder
In this paper, we study newspaper partisan behavior and content, which we measure using coverage of and commentary on partisan activities, institutions, and actors. We use this measure to describe the levels of relative partisan behavior during the period 1880 to 1900, and to describe changes over the period 1880 to 1980. We find that, on average, newspapers were initially highly partisan, but gradually
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Careworn: The Economic History of Caring Labor The Journal of Economic History (IF 2.459) Pub Date : 2024-04-05 Jane Humphries
Economists ignore caring labor since most is provided unpaid. Disregard is unjust, theoretically indefensible, and probably misleading. Valuation requires estimates of time spent and the replacement or opportunity costs of that time. I use the maintenance costs of British workers, costs which cover both the material inputs into upkeep and the domestic services needed to turn commodities into livings
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The making of towns, the making of polities: Towns and lords in late medieval Europe Past & Present (IF 2.326) Pub Date : 2024-03-29 Christian D Liddy
The relationship between towns and lords was fundamental both to the making of towns and to the making of polities in the late Middle Ages. The European literature on state growth has led historians to focus on the role of towns in historicizing narratives of state formation and national exceptionalism. These different narratives have depended on urban typologies that emphasize the importance of the
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Ecology and Colonialism in Late Chosŏn Korea: Ullŭngdo, 1882–1905 Past & Present (IF 2.326) Pub Date : 2024-03-27 Will Sack
In the late nineteenth century, the Chosŏn state, which ruled the Korean peninsula from 1392 to 1910, moved settlers, animals and crops to the isolated oceanic island (do) of Ullŭng, displacing or killing the indigenous people, animals and possibly plant species living there. Having first sent observers to investigate Japanese settler colonialism in Hokkaido, the Chosŏn court accurately replicated
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Remembering the Dead: Postmortem Guild Membership in Late Medieval England Journal of British Studies (IF 0.764) Pub Date : 2024-03-26 Rachael Harkes
As in many areas of pre-Reformation devotion, the dead were a conspicuous presence in English religious guilds of all sizes. Members joined in the expectation that the guild would say prayers and perform masses for their souls after death, and previous members and benefactors would be commemorated with regularity. This article, however, investigates a new avenue of the fraternal relationship with the
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Property and the End of Empire in International Zones, 1919–1947 Past & Present (IF 2.326) Pub Date : 2024-03-24 Anna Ross
At the end of the First World War, defeated European empires ceded a wealth of imperial patronage, including palaces, government buildings and offices, to newly forming states in central Europe. While we know a great deal about these property transfers, the fate of ceded property in mandates and other newly emerging sovereign spaces, such as international zones, is less well known. This article traces
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Art and Markets in the Greco-Roman World The Journal of Economic History (IF 2.459) Pub Date : 2024-03-21 Federico Etro
We study art markets in the Greco-Roman world to explore the origins of artistic innovations in classical Greece and the mass production of imitative works in the Roman Empire. Economic factors may have played a role, on one side fostering product innovations when a few rival Greek city-states competed, outbidding each other to obtain higher-quality artworks, and on the other side fostering process
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The Political Economy of Status Competition: Sumptuary Laws in Preindustrial Europe The Journal of Economic History (IF 2.459) Pub Date : 2024-03-21 Desiree Desierto, Mark Koyama
Sumptuary laws that regulated clothing based on social status were an important part of the political economy of premodern states. We introduce a model that captures the notion that consumption by ordinary citizens poses a status threat to ruling elites. Our model predicts a non-monotonic effect of income—sumptuary legislation initially increases with income, but then falls as income increases further
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The Prohibition of Child Labour in Factories Revisited: Towards a Social History of Decommodification in the Early Nineteenth Century International Review of Social History (IF 0.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-20 Matthias Ruoss
This article examines the removal of children from factories and their integration into the school system in the early nineteenth century, using decommodification as a conceptual framework. The Swiss canton of Aargau serves as a case study – a region where the textile industry flourished and a liberal government came to power after the July Revolution, subsequently enforcing compulsory education. Through
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Courts, legislatures, and evolving property rules: Lessons from eminent domain Explor. Econ. Hist. (IF 1.857) Pub Date : 2024-03-14 Robert K. Fleck, F. Andrew Hanssen
This paper examines judicial and legislative modifications to a specific property rule, the benefit offset, which was widely employed by railroad companies during the 19th century as a way to reduce required compensation for land taken through eminent domain. At the beginning of the railroad boom, all states allowed the benefit offset; by the end of the boom, most states had banned it, some via court
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Contagion of fear: Panics, money, and the Great Depression Explor. Econ. Hist. (IF 1.857) Pub Date : 2024-03-12 Fabrizio Almeida Marodin, Kris James Mitchener, Gary Richardson
Despite its centrality in debates about the causes and consequences of the Great Depression, banking panics’ impact on the money supply during this period remains a subject of ongoing debate. Before 1936, the Fed's decentralized structure meant that panics impacted money creation regionally while monetary impulses impacted bank stability nationally. We use this structure and newly digitized data to
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The Customary Atlas of Ancien Régime France Explor. Econ. Hist. (IF 1.857) Pub Date : 2024-03-12 Victor Gay, Paula E. Gobbi, Marc Goñi
Customary law governed most European societies during the Middle Ages and early modern period. To better understand the roots of legal customs and their implications for long-run development, we introduce an atlas of customary regions of Ancien Régime France. We also describe the historical origins of French customs, their role as a source of law, and their legal content. We then offer some insights
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Halls of Power: Changing Political and Administrative Culture at the Palace of Westminster in the Sixteenth Century Journal of British Studies (IF 0.764) Pub Date : 2024-03-12 Elizabeth Biggs
During the sixteenth century, the medieval Palace of Westminster went from being the most-used royal palace, where the king lived and worked alongside his administration, to becoming solely the home of the law-courts, Parliament, and the offices of state. At the same time, the numbers of individuals who came to the palace seeking governance or to take part in the business of the law-courts increased
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Activism across Borders: A Human Rights Perspective International Review of Social History (IF 0.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-11 Mark Hurst
Daniel Laqua's recent monograph Activism across Borders Since 1870: Causes, Campaigns and Conflicts in and beyond Europe raises a number of pertinent issues for historians of human rights to reflect upon. This article takes the four analytical lenses highlighted by Laqua for assessing transnational activism and applies them to cases of human rights activism in the Cold War and post-Cold War era. In
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Activism across Borders since 1870: A Review Dossier International Review of Social History (IF 0.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-11 Jessica Reinisch
This essay introduces a review dossier dedicated to Daniel Laqua's Activism across Borders since 1870: Causes, Campaigns and Conflicts in and beyond Europe (London, 2023). The dossier features comments by four historians – Constance Bantman, Georgina Brewis, Nicole Robertson, and Mark Hurst – as well as a response from Laqua himself. Laqua's book provides a framework for studying different forms of
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Humanitarian and Youth Activism across Time and Space International Review of Social History (IF 0.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-11 Georgina Brewis
This essay engages with Daniel Laqua's book Activism across Borders since 1870: Causes, Campaigns and Conflicts in and beyond Europe (London, 2023) from the perspective of a historian of both humanitarianism and youth. This short reflection therefore focuses primarily on the book's engagement with the topic of humanitarianism, before discussing an understated, albeit important, cross-cutting theme
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Reflections on Activism across Borders: A Response International Review of Social History (IF 0.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-11 Daniel Laqua
This essay discusses different approaches to studying transnational activism in historical perspective. In doing so, it concludes a review dossier in which several historians have commented on aspects of Daniel Laqua's book Activism across Borders since 1870: Causes, Campaigns and Conflicts in and beyond Europe (London, 2023). The author responds to the preceding pieces by addressing the contributors’
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Women, Workers, and Women Workers: Connections and Tensions in Transnational Activism International Review of Social History (IF 0.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-11 Nicole Robertson
Daniel Laqua's Activism across Borders since 1870 is an impressive contribution to scholarly research on transnational activism. It provides a detailed and innovative study of the connections but also the divisions between individuals, groups, and organizations. Laqua's approach and analysis interrogate the connectedness, transience, ambivalence, and marginality of transnational activism. He explores
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All That Is Solid Bursts into Flame: Capitalism and Fire in the Nineteenth-Century United States Past & Present (IF 2.326) Pub Date : 2024-03-09 Daniel Immerwahr
Industrial capitalism arrived in Europe as great urban fires were already retreating. The United States, however, was generously timbered and far more reliant on wooden construction. As a result, its infernos continued, and even increased, well into its age of capital. They especially struck places of intense commodification: hastily built settler towns, slave cities, financial centres and sites of
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From Surveying to Surveillance: Maritime Cartography and Naval (Self-)Tracking in the Long Nineteenth Century Past & Present (IF 2.326) Pub Date : 2024-03-07 Sara Caputo
In the eighteenth century, ‘ship tracks’, lines recording vessels’ movements on charts, facilitated wayfinding, hydrographical surveys and territorial claims. During the long nineteenth century, however, their main function shifted from surveying of the marine environment to surveillance of officers’ movements and actions. Using textual and cartographical sources produced by British naval officers
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Does time heal all wounds? The rise, decline, and long-term impact of forced labor in Spanish America Explor. Econ. Hist. (IF 1.857) Pub Date : 2024-03-05 Leticia Arroyo Abad, Noel Maurer
For most of human history, free wage labor was uncommon compared to various coercive institutions based on the threat of force. Latin America was no exception to this general rule. A number of scholars argue that past coercive labor institutions explain regional and national divergence within Latin America long after the institutions themselves have disappeared. A review of the literature, however
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The problem of false positives in automated census linking: Nineteenth-century New York’s Irish immigrants as a case study Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History (IF 1.647) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Cormac Ó Gráda, Tyler Anbinder, Dylan Connor, Simone A. Wegge
Automated census linkage algorithms have become popular for generating longitudinal data on social mobility, especially for immigrants and their children. But what if these algorithms are particula...
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Instructing the Young and Comforting the Aged in the Norwich and Norfolk Institution for the Indigent Blind, ca. 1805–55 Journal of British Studies (IF 0.764) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Susannah Ottaway, Adam Smart, Michael Schultz
This article considers the ways that Enlightenment ideas and practices shaped the founding of the Norwich and Norfolk Institution for the Indigent Blind, and then analyzes the disparate approaches to the aged versus the working-age blind in its first half-century (ca. 1805–55). While we see change over time, we also find distinctive continuity in the ongoing close connections inmates kept with Norwich
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Tokyo in Tashkent: The Afro-Asian Writers Association and Japanese Cold War Dissent Past & Present (IF 2.326) Pub Date : 2024-02-28 Christopher L Hill
In October 1958, seven Japanese writers attended the first great cultural event of the Bandung era, the week-long Afro-Asian Writers Conference held in Tashkent, the capital of Soviet Uzbekistan. The ‘literary Bandung’ resulted in the creation of the Afro-Asian Writers Association (AAWA), a source of growing interest among historians of anti-colonialism for the institutions it founded to support a
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“A Ceremony of National and Representative Character”: The Four-Nations Politics of Queen Victoria's Golden Jubilee Journal of British Studies (IF 0.764) Pub Date : 2024-02-26 Alison Hight
In June 1887, Britons crowded the streets of London to celebrate Queen Victoria's fiftieth year on the throne. It was an opportunity to publicly revel in the social, political, economic, and imperial progress Britain had made during her historic reign. The Lord Chamberlain was tasked with organizing a formal jubilee ceremony at Westminster Abbey representative of the queen's diverse subjects. But this
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Africans and the Soviet Rights Archipelago International Review of Social History (IF 0.7) Pub Date : 2024-02-26 Thom Loyd
The history of Soviet “rights defenders” is seemingly well known. Emerging in the 1960s in response to fears of a creeping re-Stalinization, the rights movement was part of the broader dissident milieu that coalesced in the Khrushchev and Brezhnev eras. Drawing on new documents from the Ukrainian KGB, this article broadens the canon of what we consider “Soviet rights talk” by focusing on a group completely
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“Side by Side with Fighting Nations”: Making the New Culture of Pro-African Solidarity in the Campaigns of the Czechoslovak Committee for Solidarity with African and Asian Peoples International Review of Social History (IF 0.7) Pub Date : 2024-02-26 Barbora Buzássyová
The article analyses the solidarity campaigns organized by the Czechoslovak Committee for Solidarity with African and Asian Peoples between the 1960s and 1980s. It situates the Czechoslovak solidarity towards African countries in the wider framework of the solidarity politics of the Eastern bloc and points out differences as well as similarities. Although the Czechoslovak Solidarity Committee was one
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Solidarity and the Aesthetics of Pain: Soviet Documentary Film and the Vietnam War International Review of Social History (IF 0.7) Pub Date : 2024-02-26 Kristin Roth-Ey
The Soviet campaign in support of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam in the Vietnam War saturated Soviet public culture in the late 1960s and early 1970s. It was the longest solidarity action in Soviet history and the first to reach mass television audiences. This article examines the production and reception of a televised documentary film about the Vietnam War made by Konstantin Simonov – a celebrity
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An African American Anthropologist in Wales: St. Clair Drake and the Transatlantic Ecologies of Race Relations Journal of British Studies (IF 0.764) Pub Date : 2024-02-22 Kieran Connell
In summer 1947, African American anthropologist John Gibbs St. Clair Drake arrived in Tiger Bay, the port neighborhood of Cardiff in South Wales, to begin field work for his doctoral thesis, “Race Relations in the British Isles.” Drake's academic reputation had already been established by the publication of Black Metropolis (1945), a seminal study of Chicago's so-called Black Belt that Drake co-authored
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Economic Uncertainty and Divisive Politics: Evidence from the dos Españas The Journal of Economic History (IF 2.459) Pub Date : 2024-02-21 Sandra García-Uribe, Hannes Mueller, Carlos Sanz
This article exploits two newspaper archives to track economic policy uncertainty in Spain from 1905–1945. We find that the outbreak of the Civil War in 1936 was anticipated by a striking upward level shift of uncertainty in both newspapers. We study the reasons for this shift through a natural language processing method, which allows us to leverage expert opinion to track specific issues in our newspaper
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Impacts of the Relocation Program on Native American Migration and Fertility The Journal of Economic History (IF 2.459) Pub Date : 2024-02-21 Mary Kopriva
This paper estimates the migratory and fertility effects of the federal Relocation Program, which attempted to move Native American individuals to urban areas under the promises of financial assistance and job training. I find the Relocation Program increased the Native American population in the target cities by more than 100,000 people. I also find that second- and third-generation Native American
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Consumption Smoothing in the Working-Class Households of Interwar Japan The Journal of Economic History (IF 2.459) Pub Date : 2024-02-21 Kota Ogasawara
I analyze factory worker households in the early 1920s in Osaka to examine idiosyncratic income shocks and consumption. Using the household-level monthly panel dataset, I find that while households could not fully cope with idiosyncratic income shocks at that time, they mitigated fluctuations in indispensable consumption during economic hardship. In terms of risk-coping mechanisms, I find suggestive
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Sovereign Collateral The Journal of Economic History (IF 2.459) Pub Date : 2024-02-21 Marc Flandreau, Stefano Pietrosanti, Carlotta E. Schuster
Due to a dearth of data, nineteenth century lending to sovereign borrowers was a blind date. We argue this is the reason for collateral pledges found in contemporary lending covenants, which enabled not execution, but the production of reliable fiscal data. Lawyers injected collateral clauses in sovereign debt covenants to permit credible disclosure of hard-to-access tax data. The study foregrounds
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The Anarchist and the Technocrat: Herbert Read, C. P. Snow, and the Future of Britain Journal of British Studies (IF 0.764) Pub Date : 2024-02-21 Matthew S. Adams
A conceptual revision occurred at the heart of anarchist theory between the end of the nineteenth and the mid-twentieth centuries. As anarchist thinkers grappled with a state transformed beyond recognition by technological change, they reassessed their critique of state power and the rhetorical methods used to expose its inherent violence. Where nineteenth-century anarchists favored organic metaphors
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Calico Madams and South Sea Cheats: Global Trade, Finance, and Popular Protest in Early Hanoverian England Journal of British Studies (IF 0.764) Pub Date : 2024-02-16 Abigail L. Swingen
In the summer of 1719, woolen and silk weavers took to the streets in cities and towns across England to protest the East India Company's importation of cotton calicoes from South Asia. English weavers viewed these popular imports as hurting their economic livelihoods. During the protests, they violently turned their anger against women wearing calico, tearing off their clothes and even throwing acid
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Care and Crisis: Making Beds in the National Health Service Journal of British Studies (IF 0.764) Pub Date : 2024-02-16 Agnes Arnold-Forster, Victoria Bates
In July 1979, the Sunday Mirror published an article with the headline: “HOSPITALS AT CRISIS POINT: Jobs and beds to go in cash curbs.” In this article we explore the role of hospital beds in such public discussions of “crisis” within the British National Health Service (NHS). In the 1970s, the media and politicians paid increasing attention to bed numbers as an indicator of resource scarcity within
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“Free Passage” for the “King's True Liegemen”: The Meaning of Free Trade in a Corporate Age, 1555–1624 Journal of British Studies (IF 0.764) Pub Date : 2024-02-16 David Pennington
Scholars of late have come to reevaluate and appreciate the achievements of merchant companies that fostered commercial networks and established new global trade routes. This research would seem to lend support to historians who have characterized early seventeenth-century calls for “free trade” as mere sloganeering driven by provincial merchants suspicious of the London-dominated corporations. This
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Underground Empire: Charles Warren, William Simpson, and the Archeological Exploration of Palestine Journal of British Studies (IF 0.764) Pub Date : 2024-02-12 Jeffrey Auerbach
British army officer Charles Warren's archeological excavations in Jerusalem in the late 1860s on behalf of the Palestine Exploration Fund and Scottish artist William Simpson's paintings of those activities articulated a new kind of imperial space: the underground empire. The imperial underground was a place that had not yet been conquered and where the British had limited visibility. In contrast to
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Contested Statues: The Clive Memorial Fund, Imperial Heroes, and the Reimaginings of Indian History Journal of British Studies (IF 0.764) Pub Date : 2024-02-08 James Watts
This article considers the Clive Memorial Fund and the campaigns surrounding proposed statues to Robert Clive in London and Calcutta between 1907 and 1912. The author argues that this campaign was an attempt to glorify Clive's actions, focused on the battle of Plassey and its aftermath, as foundation stones for the Indian Empire. The statues were an anxious attempt to situate Britain as a natural part