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Coordination in social learning: expanding the narrative on the evolution of social norms European Journal for Philosophy of Science (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2024-05-09 Basil Müller
A shared narrative in the literature on the evolution of cooperation maintains that social learning evolves early to allow for the transmission of cumulative culture. Social norms, whilst present at the outset, only rise to prominence later on, mainly to stabilise cooperation against the threat of defection. In contrast, I argue that once we consider insights from social epistemology, an expansion
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Reconstructions of quantum theory: methodology and the role of axiomatization European Journal for Philosophy of Science (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2024-04-30 Jessica Oddan
Reconstructions of quantum theory are a novel research program in theoretical physics which aims to uncover the unique physical features of quantum theory via axiomatization. I focus on Hardy’s “Quantum Theory from Five Reasonable Axioms” (2001), arguing that reconstructions represent a modern usage of axiomatization with significant points of continuity to von Neumann’s axiomatizations in quantum
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Who ought to look towards the horizon? A qualitative study on the collective social responsibility of scientific research European Journal for Philosophy of Science (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2024-04-19 Vincenzo Politi
There is a growing concern for the proper role of science within democratic societies, which has led to the development of new science policies for the implementation of social responsibility in research. Although the very expression ‘social responsibility of science’ may be interpreted in different ways, many of these emerging policy frameworks define it, at least in part, as a form of anticipative
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Anthropocene, planetary boundaries and tipping points: interdisciplinarity and values in Earth system science European Journal for Philosophy of Science (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2024-04-06 Vincent Lam, Yannick Rousselot
Earth system science (ESS) and modelling have given rise to a new conceptual framework in the recent decades, which goes much beyond climate science. Indeed, Earth system science and modelling have the ambition “to build a unified understanding of the Earth”, involving not only the physical Earth system components (atmosphere, cryosphere, land, ocean, lithosphere) but also all the relevant human and
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Cosmic topology, underdetermination, and spatial infinity European Journal for Philosophy of Science (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2024-03-27 Patrick James Ryan
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Criteria of success for engineering accident investigations: a question-centered account European Journal for Philosophy of Science (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2024-03-18 Yafeng Wang
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Unexpected quantum indeterminacy European Journal for Philosophy of Science (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2024-03-11 Andrea Oldofredi
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Contrast classes and agreement in climate modeling European Journal for Philosophy of Science (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2024-03-07 Corey Dethier
In an influential paper, Wendy Parker argues that agreement across climate models isn’t a reliable marker of confirmation in the context of cutting-edge climate science. In this paper, I argue that while Parker’s conclusion is generally correct, there is an important class of exceptions. Broadly speaking, agreement is not a reliable marker of confirmation when the hypotheses under consideration are
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How interdisciplinary researchers see themselves: plurality of understandings of interdisciplinarity within a field and why it matters European Journal for Philosophy of Science (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-23 Jaana Eigi-Watkin, Katrin Velbaum, Edit Talpsepp, Endla Lõhkivi
It is widely acknowledged that interdisciplinarity (ID) is very diverse. Our contribution is a demonstration that considerable diversity exists also on the level of understandings of ID that researchers working in the same ID field express. Specifically, we analyse qualitatively, building on the method of culture contrast, six interviews with researchers working in computational linguistics and language
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The epistemic status of reproducibility in political fact-checking European Journal for Philosophy of Science (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-23 Alejandro Fernández-Roldan, David Teira
Fact-checking agencies assess and score the truthfulness of politicians’ claims to foster their electoral accountability. Fact-checking is sometimes presented as a quasi-scientific activity, based on reproducible verification protocols that would guarantee an unbiased assessment. We will study these verification protocols and discuss under which conditions fact-checking could achieve effective reproducibility
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Physicists’ views on scientific realism European Journal for Philosophy of Science (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-21 Céline Henne, Hannah Tomczyk, Christoph Sperber
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Quantum ontology without textbooks. Nor overlapping European Journal for Philosophy of Science (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-21 Cristian Lopez
In this paper, I critically assess two recent proposals for an interpretation-independent understanding of non-relativistic quantum mechanics: the overlap strategy (Fraser & Vickers, 2022) and the textbook account (Egg, 2021). My argument has three steps. I first argue that they presume a Quinean-Carnapian meta-ontological framework that yields flat, structureless ontologies. Second, such ontologies
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Adding causality to the information-theoretic perspective on individuality European Journal for Philosophy of Science (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-16 Pierrick Bourrat
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Reactivity in the human sciences European Journal for Philosophy of Science (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-08 Caterina Marchionni, Julie Zahle, Marion Godman
The reactions that science triggers on the people it studies, describes, or theorises about, can affect the science itself and its claims to knowledge. This phenomenon, which we call reactivity, has been discussed in many different areas of the social sciences and the philosophy of science, falling under different rubrics such as the Hawthorne effect, self-fulfilling prophecies, the looping effects
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Ethnobiological kinds and material grounding: comments on Ludwig European Journal for Philosophy of Science (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-05 Thomas A. C. Reydon, Marc Ereshefsky
In a recent article, David Ludwig proposed to reorient the debate on natural kinds away from inquiring into the naturalness of kinds and toward elucidating the materiality of kinds. This article responds to Ludwig’s critique of a recently proposed account of kinds and classification, the Grounded Functionality Account, against which Ludwig offsets his own account, and criticizes Ludwig’s proposal to
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Science and values: a two-way direction European Journal for Philosophy of Science (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-05 Emanuele Ratti, Federica Russo
In the science and values literature, scholars have shown how science is influenced and shaped by values, often in opposition to the ‘value free’ ideal of science. In this paper, we aim to contribute to the science and values literature by showing that the relation between science and values flows not only from values into scientific practice, but also from (allegedly neutral) science to values themselves
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Broken brakes and dreaming drivers: the heuristic value of causal models in the law European Journal for Philosophy of Science (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2024-01-25 Enno Fischer
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Theorem proving in artificial neural networks: new frontiers in mathematical AI European Journal for Philosophy of Science (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2024-01-20 Markus Pantsar
Computer assisted theorem proving is an increasingly important part of mathematical methodology, as well as a long-standing topic in artificial intelligence (AI) research. However, the current generation of theorem proving software have limited functioning in terms of providing new proofs. Importantly, they are not able to discriminate interesting theorems and proofs from trivial ones. In order for
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Metaphysical indeterminacy in Everettian quantum mechanics European Journal for Philosophy of Science (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2024-01-04 David Glick, Baptiste Le Bihan
The question of whether Everettian quantum mechanics (EQM) justifies the existence of metaphysical indeterminacy has recently come to the fore. Metaphysical indeterminacy has been argued to emerge from three sources: coherent superpositions, the indefinite number of branches in the quantum multiverse and the nature of these branches. This paper reviews the evidence and concludes that those arguments
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Toward a more natural historical attitude European Journal for Philosophy of Science (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2024-01-03 Todd Grantham
Modeling his position on Arthur Fine’s Natural Ontological Attitude, Derek Turner proposed the Natural Historical Attitude. Although these positions share a family resemblance, Turner’s position differs from Fine’s in two important ways. First, Fine’s contextualism is more fine-grained. Second, Turner’s argument for metaphysical agnosticism seems to lead to the implausible conclusion that we should
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Inductive risk and epistemically detrimental dissent in policy-relevant science European Journal for Philosophy of Science (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2024-01-03 Tyler Paetkau
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Averaged versus individualized: pragmatic N-of-1 design as a method to investigate individual treatment response European Journal for Philosophy of Science (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-12-14 Davide Serpico, Mariusz Maziarz
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Potentiality realism: a realistic and indeterministic physics based on propensities European Journal for Philosophy of Science (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-12-11 Flavio Del Santo, Nicolas Gisin
We propose an interpretation of physics named potentiality realism. This view, which can be applied to classical as well as to quantum physics, regards potentialities (i.e. intrinsic, objective propensities for individual events to obtain) as elements of reality, thereby complementing the actual properties taken by physical variables. This allows one to naturally reconcile realism and fundamental indeterminism
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Epistemic possibilities in climate science: lessons from some recent research in the context of discovery European Journal for Philosophy of Science (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-11-23 Joel Katzav
A number of authors, including me, have argued that the output of our most complex climate models, that is, of global climate models and Earth system models, should be assessed possibilistically. Worries about the viability of doing so have also been expressed. I examine the assessment of the output of relatively simple climate models in the context of discovery and point out that this assessment is
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Machine learning, misinformation, and citizen science European Journal for Philosophy of Science (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-11-22 Adrian K. Yee
Current methods of operationalizing concepts of misinformation in machine learning are often problematic given idiosyncrasies in their success conditions compared to other models employed in the natural and social sciences. The intrinsic value-ladenness of misinformation and the dynamic relationship between citizens’ and social scientists’ concepts of misinformation jointly suggest that both the construct
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On the consistency of relative facts European Journal for Philosophy of Science (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-11-22 Eric G. Cavalcanti, Andrea Di Biagio, Carlo Rovelli
Lawrence et al. have presented an argument purporting to show that “relative facts do not exist” and, consequently, “Relational Quantum Mechanics is incompatible with quantum mechanics”. The argument is based on a GHZ-like contradiction between constraints satisfied by measurement outcomes in an extended Wigner’s friend scenario. Here we present a strengthened version of the argument, and show why
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The sky is blue, and other reasons quantum mechanics is not underdetermined by evidence European Journal for Philosophy of Science (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-11-18 David Wallace
I criticize the widely-defended view that the quantum measurement problem is an example of underdetermination of theory by evidence: more specifically, the view that the unmodified, unitary quantum formalism (interpreted following Everett) is empirically indistinguishable from Bohmian Mechanics and from dynamical-collapse theories like the GRW or CSL theories. I argue that there as yet no empirically
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Appearance and reality: Einstein and the early debate on the reality of length contraction European Journal for Philosophy of Science (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-11-08 Marco Giovanelli
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On the condition of Setting Independence European Journal for Philosophy of Science (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-11-08 Thomas Müller, Tomasz Placek
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Testability and viability: is inflationary cosmology “Scientific”? European Journal for Philosophy of Science (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-11-07 Richard Dawid, Casey McCoy
We provide a philosophical reconstruction and analysis of the debate on the scientific status of cosmic inflation that has played out in recent years. In a series of critical papers, Ijjas, Steinhardt, and Loeb have questioned the scientificality of current views on cosmic inflation. Proponents of cosmic inflation, such as Guth and Linde, have in turn defended the scientific credentials of their approach
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Efficiency and fairness trade-offs in two player bargaining games European Journal for Philosophy of Science (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-10-24 David Freeborn
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Three arguments for wave function realism European Journal for Philosophy of Science (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-10-24 Alyssa Ney
Wave function realism is an interpretative framework for quantum theories which recommends taking the central ontology of these theories to consist of the quantum wave function, understood as a field on a high-dimensional space. This paper presents and evaluates three standard arguments for wave function realism, and clarifies the sort of ontological framework these arguments support.
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Sisyphean science: why value freedom is worth pursuing European Journal for Philosophy of Science (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-10-06 Tarun Menon, Jacob Stegenga
The value-free ideal in science has been criticised as both unattainable and undesirable. We argue that it can be defended as a practical principle guiding scientific research even if the unattainability and undesirability of a value-free end-state are granted. If a goal is unattainable, then one can separate the desirability of accomplishing the goal from the desirability of pursuing it. We articulate
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Respecting boundaries: theoretical equivalence and structure beyond dynamics European Journal for Philosophy of Science (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-09-30 William J. Wolf, James Read
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How do networks explain? A neo-hempelian approach to network explanations of the ecology of the microbiome European Journal for Philosophy of Science (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-09-12 José Díez, Javier Suárez
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Afactivism about understanding cognition European Journal for Philosophy of Science (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-09-06 Samuel D. Taylor
Here, I take alethic views of understanding to be all views that hold that whether an explanation is true or false matters for whether that explanation provides understanding. I then argue that there is (as yet) no naturalistic defence of alethic views of understanding in cognitive science, because there is no agreement about the correct descriptions of the content of cognitive scientific explanations
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Autonoesis and the Galilean science of memory: Explanation, idealization, and the role of crucial data European Journal for Philosophy of Science (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-09-05 Nikola Andonovski
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Minimal model explanations of cognition European Journal for Philosophy of Science (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-08-29 Nick Brancazio, Russell Meyer
Active materials are self-propelled non-living entities which, in some circumstances, exhibit a number of cognitively interesting behaviors such as gradient-following, avoiding obstacles, signaling and group coordination. This has led to scientific and philosophical discussion of whether this may make them useful as minimal models of cognition (Hanczyc, 2014; McGivern, 2019). Batterman and Rice (2014)
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Moralisation of medicines: The case of hydroxychloroquine European Journal for Philosophy of Science (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-08-16 Elisabetta Lalumera
The concept of moralisation of health behaviours was introduced in social psychology to describe the attribution of moral properties to habits and conditions like smoking or being a vegetarian. Moral properties are powerful motivators for people and institutions, as they may trigger blame, stigma, and appraisal, as well as the polarisation of interest and scientific hype. Here I extend the concept
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Scientific experiments beyond surprise and beauty European Journal for Philosophy of Science (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-08-11 Anatolii Kozlov
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Lakatosian and Euclidean populations: a pluralist approach to conceptual change in mathematics European Journal for Philosophy of Science (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-08-10 Matteo De Benedetto
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Attention as a patchwork concept European Journal for Philosophy of Science (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-08-07 Henry Taylor
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Pandemics and flexible lockdowns: In praise of agent-based modeling European Journal for Philosophy of Science (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-08-04 Igor Douven
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Distinguishing two (unsound) arguments for quantum social science European Journal for Philosophy of Science (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-07-29 Rasmus Jaksland
Quantum mechanics supersedes classical mechanics, and social science, some argue, should be responsive to this change. This paper finds that two rather different arguments are currently being used to argue that quantum mechanics is epistemically relevant in social science. One, attributed to Alexander Wendt, appeals to the presence of quantum physical effects in the social world. The other, attributed
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Socially responsible science: Exploring the complexities European Journal for Philosophy of Science (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-07-18 Inmaculada de Melo-Martín, Kristen Intemann
Philosophers of science, particularly those working on science and values, often talk about the need for science to be socially responsible. However, what this means is not clear. In this paper, we review the contributions of philosophers of science to the debate over socially responsible science and explore the dimensions that a fruitful account of socially responsible science should address. Our
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Genetically caused trait is an interactive kind European Journal for Philosophy of Science (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-07-01 Riin Kõiv
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Social kinds: historical and multi-functional European Journal for Philosophy of Science (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-07-01 Francesco Guala
The notion of multi-functional kind is introduced to explain how social scientists may be able to draw inferences across historically unrelated societies or cultures. Multi-functional kinds are neither eternal nor purely historical, support non-trivial inductive generalisations, and allow to overcome scepticism about the inductive potential of multiply realised (functional) properties. Two examples
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Should social pragmatic communication disorder be included in DSM-5? On uncertainties, pragmatic considerations, and the psychiatric kind debate European Journal for Philosophy of Science (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-06-29 Anne-Marie Gagné-Julien, Andréanne Bérubé
In this paper, we want to take a critical stance towards Tsou’s recent proposal that a neuro-oriented version of the homeostatic property cluster kind model (MPCK) should be an ideal for the DSM. Our strategy will be to discuss the creation of the Social Pragmatic Communication Disorder (SPCD) in DSM-5 to show the limits of MPCK as an ideal for the next DSM deliberations over a set of diagnoses revisions
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General Relativity, MOND, and the problem of unconceived alternatives European Journal for Philosophy of Science (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-06-30 Abhishek Kashyap
Observational discrepancies in galactic rotation curves and cluster dispersion data have been interpreted to imply the existence of dark matter. Numerous efforts at its detection, however, have failed to turn up any positive result. As a dynamical theory is always operative on the assumed mass distribution to predict kinematic observations, some scientists see the discrepancy as telling against General
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Critique of pure Bayesian cognitive science: A view from the philosophy of science European Journal for Philosophy of Science (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-06-20 Vincenzo Crupi, Fabrizio Calzavarini
Bayesian approaches to human cognition have been extensively advocated in the last decades, but sharp objections have been raised too within cognitive science. In this paper, we outline a diagnosis of what has gone wrong with the prevalent strand of Bayesian cognitive science (here labelled pure Bayesian cognitive science), relying on selected illustrations from the psychology of reasoning and tools
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Mechanisms and the problem of abstract models European Journal for Philosophy of Science (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-06-20 Natalia Carrillo, Tarja Knuuttila
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Epistemological scientism and the scientific meta-method European Journal for Philosophy of Science (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-06-08 Petri Turunen, Ilmari Hirvonen, Ilkka Pättiniemi
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Decoherence, appearance, and reality in agential realism European Journal for Philosophy of Science (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-05-25 Rasmus Jaksland
This paper reconsiders what implications quantum decoherence has for Karen Barad’s agential realism. In contrast with the recent claim of Thomas Everth and Laura Gurney (2022), this paper argues that decoherence supports rather than defeats the holist, relational ontology of agential realism. Indeed, decoherence offers an explanation for how a quantum system can remain entangled and superposed in principle
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Should physical symmetries guide metaphysics? Two reasons why they should maybe not European Journal for Philosophy of Science (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-05-15 Cristian López
Symmetry-based inferences have permeated many discussions in philosophy of physics and metaphysics of science. It is claimed that symmetries in our physical theories would allow us to draw metaphysical conclusions about the world, a view that I call ‘symmetry inferentialism’. This paper is critical to this view. I claim that (a) it assumes a philosophically questionable characterization of the relevant
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Taking model pursuit seriously European Journal for Philosophy of Science (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-05-06 HyeJeong Han
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Masking, extrinsicness, and the nature of dispositions: the role of niche signals in muscle stem cells European Journal for Philosophy of Science (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-04-26 Javier Suárez
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Diagnosing errors in climate model intercomparisons European Journal for Philosophy of Science (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-03-29 Ryan O’Loughlin
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The information-theoretic view of quantum mechanics and the measurement problem(s) European Journal for Philosophy of Science (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-03-29 Federico Laudisa
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Extrapolating from experiments, confidently European Journal for Philosophy of Science (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-03-22 Donal Khosrowi