-
Connecting vitamin D, the microbiome and anticancer immunity Nat. Rev. Immunol. (IF 100.3) Pub Date : 2024-05-14 Alexandra Flemming
Vitamin D has a role in immune modulation and in shaping commensal microbial communities. Reis e Sousa and colleagues show that mice lacking Gc globulin (Gc−/− mice), which regulates vitamin D availability, display enhanced tumour resistance. Intriguingly, co-housed wild-type mice, as well as mice that receive a faecal transfer from Gc−/− mice, also exhibit enhanced tumour immunity. The authors found
-
How the brain regulates inflammation Nat. Rev. Immunol. (IF 100.3) Pub Date : 2024-05-14 Alexandra Flemming
Infections can activate neural circuits that mediate responses such as fever and malaise. Jin et al. describe a body-to-brain neural circuit that informs the brain of emerging inflammatory responses. Intraperitoneal injection of mice with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or other immune insults was shown to activate specific neurons in the caudal nucleus of the solitary tract (cNST) in the brainstem. Genetic
-
Time of day determines cancer immunotherapy response Nat. Rev. Immunol. (IF 100.3) Pub Date : 2024-05-14 Alexandra Flemming
Wang et al. show that immune cell infiltration of tumours, as well as immune cell phenotype, oscillate in a circadian manner, which can be harnessed to optimize cancer immunotherapy. In a mouse model of melanoma, the numbers of tumour infiltrating leukocytes (TILs) peaked in the evening, and this was due to fluctuating levels of the adhesion molecule ICAM-1 on endothelial cells. Treatment with chimeric
-
Protect the periportals Nat. Rev. Immunol. (IF 100.3) Pub Date : 2024-05-08 Yvonne Bordon
Commensal bacteria induce liver macrophages that protect the tissue against inflammation.
-
Atypical chemokine receptors in the immune system Nat. Rev. Immunol. (IF 100.3) Pub Date : 2024-05-07 Iain Comerford, Shaun R. McColl
-
Defining the balance between optimal immunity and immunopathology in influenza virus infection Nat. Rev. Immunol. (IF 100.3) Pub Date : 2024-05-02 Thi H. O. Nguyen, Louise C. Rowntree, Brendon Y. Chua, Ryan S. Thwaites, Katherine Kedzierska
-
Opportunities and challenges for T cell-based influenza vaccines Nat. Rev. Immunol. (IF 100.3) Pub Date : 2024-05-02 Tim R. Mosmann, Andrew J. McMichael, Alexandre LeVert, John W. McCauley, Jeffrey W. Almond
-
DAMP sensing and sterile inflammation: intracellular, intercellular and inter-organ pathways Nat. Rev. Immunol. (IF 100.3) Pub Date : 2024-04-29 Yi Huang, Wei Jiang, Rongbin Zhou
-
Noncanonical inflammasome mediates BBB breakdown Nat. Rev. Immunol. (IF 100.3) Pub Date : 2024-04-26 Kirsty Minton
Wei et al. report a role for membrane perforation mediated by gasdermin D pores in disruption of the blood–brain barrier.
-
FAS signalling pathway is crucial for CAR T cell persistence Nat. Rev. Immunol. (IF 100.3) Pub Date : 2024-04-26 Robyn Loves, Eyal Grunebaum
A preprint by Yi et al. shows a role for the FAS signalling pathway in controlling the persistence of CAR-modified lymphocytes.
-
Harnessing our lived experience for science communication Nat. Rev. Immunol. (IF 100.3) Pub Date : 2024-04-24 Adrian Liston
Adrian Liston, professor of pathology at the University of Cambridge, UK, has published several illustrated children’s books on the topic of vaccination and has developed a computer game called ‘VirusFighter’. Here, he shares his thoughts on how to become an effective science communicator.
-
Weaker skin immunity in males due to androgen effects on ILC2s Nat. Rev. Immunol. (IF 100.3) Pub Date : 2024-04-24 Lucy Bird
Sex hormones in male mice negatively regulate type 2 innate lymphoid cells in the skin, impairing the induction and activation of dendritic cells and thereby contributing to differences in immunity in males and females.
-
Engineering immune-evasive allogeneic cellular immunotherapies Nat. Rev. Immunol. (IF 100.3) Pub Date : 2024-04-24 Karen E. Martin, Quirin Hammer, Karlo Perica, Michel Sadelain, Karl-Johan Malmberg
-
Cancer cell metabolism and antitumour immunity Nat. Rev. Immunol. (IF 100.3) Pub Date : 2024-04-22 Mara De Martino, Jeffrey C. Rathmell, Lorenzo Galluzzi, Claire Vanpouille-Box
-
Neuronal TLR9 signalling crucial for memory formation Nat. Rev. Immunol. (IF 100.3) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 Alexandra Flemming
Memories are encoded by microcircuits of hippocampal neurons. These cells undergo energy-intensive molecular adaptations during learning that can result in transient DNA damage. Jovasevic et al. show that contextual fear conditioning in mice induces the formation of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) breaks and gene signatures of inflammation in hippocampal CA1 excitatory neurons. These cells also upregulate
-
Tumour cell consumption of taurine exhausts CD8+ T cells Nat. Rev. Immunol. (IF 100.3) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 Alexandra Flemming
The amino acid taurine is marketed as a nutritional supplement. Cao et al. now show that taurine can enhance the malignant behaviour of cancer cells, but also increase the survival and effector functions of CD8+ T cells. In mouse models of gastric cancer and melanoma, intratumoural injection of taurine promoted tumour growth in immunocompromised mice, but inhibited tumour growth in immunocompetent
-
Bacterial serotonin induces Treg cells in neonates Nat. Rev. Immunol. (IF 100.3) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 Alexandra Flemming
The gut microbiota has a crucial role in immune development in early life. Sanidad et al. show that the mouse neonatal small intestine has a distinct microbiota compared with the adult small intestine and is enriched in neurotransmitters, including serotonin (5-HT). Both human and mouse neonates were found to have an increased abundance of 5-HT-producing bacteria in the small intestine. Gut bacteria
-
Rejuvenating an old immune system Nat. Rev. Immunol. (IF 100.3) Pub Date : 2024-04-09 Yvonne Bordon
Depletion of myeloid-biased haematopoietic stem cells can mitigate age-associated immune dysfunction.
-
Generating prophylactic immunity against arboviruses in vertebrates and invertebrates Nat. Rev. Immunol. (IF 100.3) Pub Date : 2024-04-03 Daniel J. Rawle, Leon E. Hugo, Abigail L. Cox, Gregor J. Devine, Andreas Suhrbier
The World Health Organization recently declared a global initiative to control arboviral diseases. These are mainly caused by pathogenic flaviviruses (such as dengue, yellow fever and Zika viruses) and alphaviruses (such as chikungunya and Venezuelan equine encephalitis viruses). Vaccines represent key interventions for these viruses, with licensed human and/or veterinary vaccines being available for
-
Short-chain fatty acids: linking diet, the microbiome and immunity Nat. Rev. Immunol. (IF 100.3) Pub Date : 2024-04-02 Elizabeth R. Mann, Ying Ka Lam, Holm H. Uhlig
The short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) butyrate, propionate and acetate are microbial metabolites and their availability in the gut and other organs is determined by environmental factors, such as diet and use of antibiotics, that shape the diversity and metabolism of the microbiota. SCFAs regulate epithelial barrier function as well as mucosal and systemic immunity via evolutionary conserved processes
-
PANINI: Combined protein and nucleic acid imaging in tissues Nat. Rev. Immunol. (IF 100.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-28 Sizun Jiang
Sizun Jiang (while in the Garry Nolan lab) describes a method termed PANINI that allows simultaneous detection of nucleic acids at low copy numbers and protein markers in intact tissues, offering valuable insights into virus–immune system interactions and beyond.
-
A pre-TCRα-independent pathway of αβ T cell differentiation Nat. Rev. Immunol. (IF 100.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-19 Kirsty Minton
A study in Science reports 10 individuals with pre-TCRα deficiency who have late-onset or no clinical phenotype, which suggests that αβ T cells can develop through a pre-TCRα-independent, non-canonical rescue pathway.
-
Bone marrow inflammation in haematological malignancies Nat. Rev. Immunol. (IF 100.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Madelon M. E. de Jong, Lanpeng Chen, Marc H. G. P. Raaijmakers, Tom Cupedo
-
Strategies for targeting cytokines in inflammatory bowel disease Nat. Rev. Immunol. (IF 100.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-14 Markus F. Neurath
-
Breaking tolerance: the autoimmune aspect of atherosclerosis Nat. Rev. Immunol. (IF 100.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-12 Amir Khan, Payel Roy, Klaus Ley
-
Regulation of innate-like activities of neonatal CD8+ T cells Nat. Rev. Immunol. (IF 100.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-11 Alexandra Flemming
Recent studies have shown that neonatal CD8+ T cells can undergo ‘bystander activation’ in response to inflammatory cytokines and produce effector molecules such as IFNγ and granzyme B in the absence of cognate antigen. Some of these cells persist into adulthood. A study by Watson et al. used a multi-omics approach to investigate the epigenetic programmes and transcription factors that enable CD8+
-
The eye provides an immunological gateway to the brain Nat. Rev. Immunol. (IF 100.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-11 Alexandra Flemming
A publication by Song and colleagues identifies a unique lymphatic drainage system that connects the posterior of the eye with deep cervical lymph nodes (dCLNs) and the meningeal lymphatic network. In several different mouse models, they show that vaccines delivered to the posterior of the eye can specifically induce immune responses in the central nervous system (CNS) and protect against experimental
-
CARD8 kills CD4+ T cells in response to HIV entry Nat. Rev. Immunol. (IF 100.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-11 Alexandra Flemming
In humans, infection with HIV-1 is associated with loss of CD4+ T cells, causing severe immunodeficiency and progression to AIDS. By contrast, some non-human primates (NHPs), which are natural hosts of the closely related SIV, are tolerant of SIV infection despite showing high levels of viraemia. Interestingly, CD4+ T cell death in humans mostly effects quiescent cells that are not productively infected
-
Made to order: emergency myelopoiesis and demand-adapted innate immune cell production Nat. Rev. Immunol. (IF 100.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-11 James W. Swann, Oakley C. Olson, Emmanuelle Passegué
-
A Treg cell duo for VAT control Nat. Rev. Immunol. (IF 100.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-08 Maria Papatriantafyllou
Changes in populations of regulatory T (Treg) cells in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) have been linked to metabolic disorders; Valle Torres, Man et al. now characterize Treg cell heterogeneity in VAT. In addition to the previously reported population of VAT Treg cells that express PPARγ and ST2 (also known as IL-33R or IL-1RL1), the authors describe a second VAT Treg cell subset with high expression
-
Lymph node resection does not impair cancer immunotherapy responses Nat. Rev. Immunol. (IF 100.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-06 Lucas Baldran-Groves, Jeroen Melief
A preprint by Zhou et al. shows that the clinical efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade in patients with cancer does not depend on the presence of tumour-draining lymph nodes, as their role is taken over by more distant lymph nodes.
-
Pre-existing antibody allows for maturation of new B cells in ‘recall’ germinal centres Nat. Rev. Immunol. (IF 100.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Jake Herb, Maria Curotto de Lafaille
Re-exposure to a previously encountered antigen leads to robust antibody responses and the formation of ‘recall’ germinal centres. A preprint by Schiepers et al. shows that antibody feedback in these germinal centres ensures the maturation of naive B cells that can target escape epitopes.
-
Osteoblast-derived ATP maintains bone marrow plasma cells Nat. Rev. Immunol. (IF 100.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-29 Yvonne Bordon
Plasma cells use P2RX4 to sense the regulated release of ATP from osteoblasts and this protects against ER stress-driven apoptosis.
-
The OrganiX microfluidic system to recreate the complex tumour microenvironment Nat. Rev. Immunol. (IF 100.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-27 Giulia Adriani, Andrea Pavesi
-
ComplexEye: a multi-lens array microscope for high-throughput cell migration analysis Nat. Rev. Immunol. (IF 100.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-23 Zülal Cibir, Matthias Gunzer
-
The conneXion between sex and immune responses Nat. Rev. Immunol. (IF 100.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-21 Katherine S. Forsyth, Nikhil Jiwrajka, Claudia D. Lovell, Natalie E. Toothacre, Montserrat C. Anguera
-
Mechanistic insights from inflammasome structures Nat. Rev. Immunol. (IF 100.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-19 Jianing Fu, Kate Schroder, Hao Wu
-
The regulation and differentiation of regulatory T cells and their dysfunction in autoimmune diseases Nat. Rev. Immunol. (IF 100.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-19 Tomokazu S. Sumida, Nardos T. Cheru, David A. Hafler
-
Complement in maternal milk shapes the infant microbiome Nat. Rev. Immunol. (IF 100.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-13 Maria Papatriantafyllou
Breast milk is known to contain antibodies and other immune mediators that provide immune protection and shape the gut microbiota. It also contains complement proteins — however, their physiological role was unclear. A study by Xu et al. shows that the complement components in mouse breast milk directly supports a ‘protective’ gut microbiota in the neonate intestine by selectively eliminating specific
-
Regulation goes awry in the liver Nat. Rev. Immunol. (IF 100.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-13 Yvonne Bordon
Regulatory T cells have pathological roles in driving fibrosis and insulin resistance in the setting of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.
-
Low risk of CAR T cells going rogue Nat. Rev. Immunol. (IF 100.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-13 Maria Papatriantafyllou
After treatment with commercial chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells, a small number of patients have developed T cell lymphomas (TCLs), and some TCLs were ‘CAR positive’, prompting a safety warning by the US FDA. Ghilardi et al. investigated one case of secondary TCL after CAR-T cell therapy and concluded that it was probably not caused by CAR insertional mutagenesis. To assess the risk of secondary
-
Human ILC2s can act as cytolytic killers Nat. Rev. Immunol. (IF 100.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-13 Maria Papatriantafyllou
Type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) have been associated with both pro-and anti-tumour functions. Now, Yu, Caligiuri and colleagues show that human ILC2s expanded ex vivo have cytotoxic activity and can kill blood or solid tumours when adoptively transferred into mouse models. Expanded human blood-derived ILC2s resembled freshly isolated cells, but they also expressed the IL-15 receptor CD122 and
-
Neutrophils become pro-angiogenic in tumours Nat. Rev. Immunol. (IF 100.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-12 Lucy Bird
Investigation of neutrophil heterogeneity in tumours reveals the irreversible programming of long-lived, pro-angiogenic neutrophils that drive tumour progression.
-
New insights into the ontogeny, diversity, maturation and survival of long-lived plasma cells Nat. Rev. Immunol. (IF 100.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-08 David R. Fooksman, Zhixin Jing, Rosa Park
-
The immunology of type 1 diabetes Nat. Rev. Immunol. (IF 100.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-02 Kevan C. Herold, Thomas Delong, Ana Luisa Perdigoto, Noah Biru, Todd M. Brusko, Lucy S. K. Walker
-
Neutrophil surface RNAs promote entry to inflamed sites Nat. Rev. Immunol. (IF 100.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Kirsty Minton
Glycosylated RNAs on the surface of neutrophils bind P-selectin on endothelial cells to mediate recruitment to sites of inflammation.
-
Age-related motor deficits caused by clonal haematopoiesis-driven, monocyte-derived microglia Nat. Rev. Immunol. (IF 100.3) Pub Date : 2024-01-30 Austeja Baleviciute, Lily Keane
A preprint by Kim et al. shows that the brain parenchyma can be seeded with age with clonal haematopoiesis-derived monocytes that drive neuropathology.
-
New immune cell engagers for cancer immunotherapy Nat. Rev. Immunol. (IF 100.3) Pub Date : 2024-01-25 Aurore Fenis, Olivier Demaria, Laurent Gauthier, Eric Vivier, Emilie Narni-Mancinelli
-
Using BCG vaccination to protect against COVID-19: when reality fails to meet expectation Nat. Rev. Immunol. (IF 100.3) Pub Date : 2024-01-18 Laure F. Pittet, Christie C. A. Noble, Nicole L. Messina, Nigel Curtis
While anticipating the development of a COVID-19-specific vaccine, several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) explored the potential of BCG vaccination to protect against COVID-19, based on trials demonstrating beneficial effects of BCG vaccination on unrelated infections and all-cause mortality in neonates in high-mortality geographical settings. Results are now available from 12 RCTs, which suggest
-
Integrated organ immunity: a path to a universal vaccine Nat. Rev. Immunol. (IF 100.3) Pub Date : 2024-01-11 Bali Pulendran
-
Blood neutrophil subset predicts the success of immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer Nat. Rev. Immunol. (IF 100.3) Pub Date : 2024-01-15 Yvonne Bordon
A population of interferon-stimulated neutrophils can predict the success of immunotherapy outcomes in various cancers.
-
Novel insights into the immune response to bacterial T cell superantigens Nat. Rev. Immunol. (IF 100.3) Pub Date : 2024-01-15 Stephen W. Tuffs, Karine Dufresne, Aanchal Rishi, Nicholas R. Walton, John K. McCormick
-
Alternative RNA splicing generates shared clonal neoantigens across different types of cancer Nat. Rev. Immunol. (IF 100.3) Pub Date : 2024-01-12 Matthew Brown, Nicolas Vabret
A preprint by Kwok et al. describes the identification of common neojunction-derived antigens that could serve as targets for ‘off the shelf’ vaccines or adoptive cell therapies for patients with various types of cancer.
-
Squeeze to arm Nat. Rev. Immunol. (IF 100.3) Pub Date : 2024-01-09 Lucy Bird
A study published in Immunity shows that the mechanical force experienced by neutrophils migrating across endothelial barriers arms them for better bactericidal activity.
-
Natural killer cells that target autoimmune cells linked with protection against multiple sclerosis Nat. Rev. Immunol. (IF 100.3) Pub Date : 2024-01-09 Yvonne Bordon
Genetic variants are identified in humans and viruses that influence the development of multiple sclerosis by shaping protective natural killer cell responses.
-
Why have T cell-inducing vaccines for HIV failed so far? Nat. Rev. Immunol. (IF 100.3) Pub Date : 2024-01-10 Alexandra Flemming
The failure of T cell-targeted vaccines for HIV in clinical trials is likely due to impaired degranulation of low-avidity CD8+ T cells in the context of low levels of antigen presentation.
-
Ancient DNA reveals evolutionary origins of autoimmune diseases Nat. Rev. Immunol. (IF 100.3) Pub Date : 2024-01-04 William Barrie, Evan K. Irving-Pease, Eske Willerslev, Astrid K. N. Iversen, Lars Fugger
Most autoimmune diseases are caused by the interplay between common genetic risk variants and environmental factors. New studies of ancient genomes suggest that many of these variants evolved under strong selection pressures, probably due to lifestyle-specific environmental pathogens, the consequences of which shape the distribution of present-day disease risk and point to novel therapeutic interventions
-
Spatial resolution of host–microbiome interactions Nat. Rev. Immunol. (IF 100.3) Pub Date : 2023-12-19 Kirsty Minton
A study in Nature Biotechnology investigated context-specific host–microorganisms interactions by using spatial transcriptomics to profile gene expression of host and microbial genes simultaneously.
-
Same yet different — how lymph node heterogeneity affects immune responses Nat. Rev. Immunol. (IF 100.3) Pub Date : 2023-12-14 Paulina Cruz de Casas, Konrad Knöpper, Rupak Dey Sarkar, Wolfgang Kastenmüller
-
Olfactory immunology: the missing piece in airway and CNS defence Nat. Rev. Immunol. (IF 100.3) Pub Date : 2023-12-14 Sebastian A. Wellford, E. Ashley Moseman