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Health insurance among survivors of childhood cancer following affordable care act implementation J. Natl. Cancer Inst. (IF 10.3) Pub Date : 2024-05-14 Anne C Kirchhoff, Austin R Waters, Qi Liu, Xu Ji, Yutaka Yasui, K Robin Yabroff, Rena M Conti, I-Chan Huang, Tara Henderson, Wendy M Leisenring, Gregory T Armstrong, Paul C Nathan, Elyse R Park
Background The Affordable Care Act (ACA) increased private non-employer health insurance options, expanded Medicaid eligibility, and provided pre-existing health conditions protections. We evaluated insurance coverage among long-term adult survivors of childhood cancer pre/post-ACA implementation. Methods Using the multicenter Childhood Cancer Survivor Study, we included participants from two cross-sectional
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The use of master protocols for efficient trial design to evaluate radiotherapy interventions: a systematic review J. Natl. Cancer Inst. (IF 10.3) Pub Date : 2024-05-09 Alexandra Gilbert, Robert Samuel, Daniel Cagney, David Sebag-Montefiore, Julia Brown, Sarah R Brown
The aim of this review was to highlight why the use of master protocols trial design is particularly useful for radiotherapy intervention trials where complex-set up pathways (including quality assurance, user training, integrating multiple modalities of treatment) may hinder clinical advances. We carried out a systematic review according to PRISMA guidelines, reviewing the findings using a landscape
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Prevalence of anal cytology screening among persons with HIV and lack of access to high-resolution anoscopy at HIV care facilities J. Natl. Cancer Inst. (IF 10.3) Pub Date : 2024-05-09 Sun Hee Rim, Linda Beer, Mona Saraiya, Yunfeng Tie, Xin Yuan, John Weiser
Background Persons with HIV (PWH) at highest risk of anal cancer include gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) and transgender women aged ≥ 35 years, and other PWH aged ≥ 45 years. Identifying and treating precancerous lesions can reduce anal cancer incidence in these groups. We assessed prevalence of anal cytology and access to high-resolution anoscopy (HRA) among PWH, overall
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Prostate Cancer Incidence and Mortality in Men Exposed to α1-Adrenoceptor Antagonists J. Natl. Cancer Inst. (IF 10.3) Pub Date : 2024-05-08 Lars Björnebo, Shirin Razdan, Andrea Discacciati, Thorgerdur Palsdottir, Markus Aly, Tobias Nordström, Martin Eklund, Dara Lundon, Henrik Grönberg, Ash Tewari, Peter Wiklund, Natasha Kyprianou, Anna Lantz
Background α1-antagonists are commonly used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia. Preclinical studies suggest they induce cell death and inhibit tumor growth. This study evaluates the risk of prostate cancer death in men using α1-antagonists. Methods A population-based cohort study in Stockholm, Sweden (January 1, 2007 to December 31, 2019) including 451,779 men with a prostate-specific antigen (PSA)
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Long-term cardiovascular disease risk after anthracycline and trastuzumab treatments in U.S. breast cancer survivors J. Natl. Cancer Inst. (IF 10.3) Pub Date : 2024-05-08 Jacqueline B Vo, Cody Ramin, Lene H S Veiga, Carolyn Brandt, Rochelle E Curtis, Clara Bodelon, Ana Barac, Véronique L Roger, Heather Spencer Feigelson, Diana S M Buist, Erin J Aiello Bowles, Gretchen L Gierach, Amy Berrington de González
Background Although breast cancer survivors are at risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) from treatment late effects, evidence to inform long-term and age-specific cardiovascular surveillance recommendations is lacking. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 10,211 women diagnosed with first primary unilateral breast cancer in Kaiser Permanente Washington or Colorado (aged 20+, survived
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Recent and projected incidence trends and risk of anal cancer among people with HIV in North america J. Natl. Cancer Inst. (IF 10.3) Pub Date : 2024-05-07 Ashish A Deshmukh, Yueh-Yun Lin, Haluk Damgacioglu, Meredith Shiels, Sally B Coburn, Raynell Lang, Keri N Althoff, Richard Moore, Michael J Silverberg, Alan G Nyitray, Jagpreet Chhatwal, Kalyani Sonawane, Keith Sigel
Background Anal cancer risk is elevated among people with HIV (PWH). Recent anal cancer incidence patterns among PWH in the United States (US) and Canada remain unclear. It is unknown how the incidence patterns may evolve in future years. Methods Using data from the North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design, we investigated absolute anal cancer incidence and incidence trends in
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ATR inhibitor, camonsertib, dose optimization in patients with biomarker-selected advanced solid tumors (TRESR study) J. Natl. Cancer Inst. (IF 10.3) Pub Date : 2024-05-06 Elisa Fontana, Ezra Rosen, Elizabeth K Lee, Martin Højgaard, Niharika B Mettu, Stephanie Lheureux, Benedito A Carneiro, Gregory M Cote, Louise Carter, Ruth Plummer, Devalingam Mahalingam, Adrian J Fretland, Joseph D Schonhoft, Ian M Silverman, Marisa Wainszelbaum, Yi Xu, Danielle Ulanet, Maria Koehler, Timothy A Yap
Background Camonsertib is a selective oral inhibitor of ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related (ATR) kinase with demonstrated efficacy in tumors with DNA damage response gene deficiencies. On-target anemia is the main drug-related toxicity typically manifesting after the period of dose-limiting toxicity evaluation. Thus dose/schedule optimization requires extended follow-up to assess prolonged treatment
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Executing plans to enhance diversity across cancer centers in the United States: Opportunities and challenges J. Natl. Cancer Inst. (IF 10.3) Pub Date : 2024-05-06 Christopher I Li, Sherise Chantell Rogers, Carol J Bult, Carmen E Guerra, Angela Talton, Lovoria B Williams, Wendy Law
Background Lack of diversity in the cancer research workforce persists which the new requirement for all NCI-designated cancer centers to have a Plan to Enhance Diversity (PED) seeks to address. However, it is not well understood how different cancer centers are approaching the development and execution of these plans. Our objective was to assess how cancer centers are establishing and pursuing their
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Precision medicine for pancreatic cancer: Characterizing the clinico-genomic landscape and outcomes of KRAS G12C-mutated disease J. Natl. Cancer Inst. (IF 10.3) Pub Date : 2024-05-04 Fergus Keane, Joanne F Chou, Henry Walch, Joshua Schoenfeld, Anupriya Singhal, Darren Cowzer, Emily Harrold, Catherine O’Connor, Wungki Park, Anna Varghese, Imane El Dika, Fiyinfolu Balogun, Kenneth H Yu, Marinela Capanu, Nikolaus Schultz, Rona Yaeger, Eileen M O’Reilly
Background Mutated KRAS is the most common oncogene alteration in pancreatic cancer (PDAC), and KRAS G12C mutations (KRAS G12Cmut) are observed in 1-2%. Several inhibitors of KRAS G12C have recently demonstrated promise in solid tumors, including PDAC. Little is known regarding clinical, genomics and outcome data of this population. Methods Patients with PDAC and KRAS G12Cmut were identified at Memorial
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Identification of TP53 germline variants in pediatric patients undergoing tumor testing: strategy and prevalence J. Natl. Cancer Inst. (IF 10.3) Pub Date : 2024-05-04 Minjie Luo, Derek Wong, Kristin Zelley, Jinhua Wu, Jeffery Schubert, Elizabeth H Denenberg, Elizabeth A Fanning, Jiani Chen, Daniel Gallo, Netta Golenberg, Maha Patel, Laura K Conlin, Kara N Maxwell, Gerald B Wertheim, Lea F Surrey, Yiming Zhong, Garrett M Brodeur, Suzanne P MacFarland, Marilyn M Li
Background TP53 alterations are common in certain pediatric cancers, making identification of putative germline variants through tumor genomic profiling crucial for patient management. Methods We analyzed TP53 alterations in 3123 tumors from 2788 pediatric patients sequenced using tumor-only or tumor-normal paired panels. Germline confirmatory testing was performed when indicated. Somatic and germline
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Cancer control Co-benefits of the Climate-Related provisions in the American inflation reduction act J. Natl. Cancer Inst. (IF 10.3) Pub Date : 2024-05-04 Kilan C Ashad-Bishop, K Robin Yabroff, Leticia Nogueira
The American Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) of 2022 contains climate-related provisions that may have significant implications for cancer control and prevention. This commentary assesses the potential co-benefits of the IRA for cancer control efforts, specifically policies and programs to reduce carcinogen exposure via air quality monitoring and air pollution reduction. Allocations through the IRA for
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Expanding active living after cancer to underserved cancer survivors and their caregivers J. Natl. Cancer Inst. (IF 10.3) Pub Date : 2024-04-29 Scherezade K Mama, Stacy J Mitchell, Patricia V Tracy, Luz Y Pena, Carolina D Moreno, Adriana Valdes, Yue Liao, Che Young Lee, Ashley Alexander, Margaret R Raber, Lorna H Mcneill, Karen Basen-Engquist
Background Physical activity (PA) improves physical and psychological health in cancer survivors. This study evaluated Active Living After Cancer (ALAC), a community-based program to improve PA, physical function, and quality of life (QOL) in minority and medically underserved cancer survivors and their caregivers. Methods Participants completed 12 weekly ALAC sessions and assessments of PA, physical
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Growing the global cancer care system: success stories from around the world and lessons for the future J. Natl. Cancer Inst. (IF 10.3) Pub Date : 2024-04-25 Edward Christopher Dee, C S Pramesh, Christopher M Booth, Fidel Rubagumya, Miriam Mutebi, Erin Jay G Feliciano, Michelle Ann B Eala, Giovanni G Cerri, Ophira Ginsburg, Bishal Gyawali, Fabio Ynoe de Moraes
Despite significant biomedical advancements in various realms of oncology, the benefits of these developments are not equitably distributed, particularly in under-resourced settings. While much work has described the challenges and systemic barriers in global cancer control, in this essay we focus on success stories. This piece describes clinical care delivered at Rwanda’s Butaro Cancer Center of Excellence
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The association of healthcare contact days with physical function and survival in CCTG/AGITG CO.17 J. Natl. Cancer Inst. (IF 10.3) Pub Date : 2024-04-22 Arjun Gupta, Christopher J O'Callaghan, Liting Zhu, Derek J Jonker, Ralph P W Wong, Bruce Colwell, Malcolm J Moore, Christos S Karapetis, Niall C Tebbutt, Jeremy D Shapiro, Dongsheng Tu, Christopher M Booth
Introduction While contact days—days with healthcare contact outside home—are increasingly adopted as a measure of time toxicity and treatment burden, they could also serve as a surrogate of treatment-related harm. We sought to assess the association between contact days and patient-reported outcomes, and the prognostic ability of contact days. Methods We conducted a secondary analysis of CO.17 that
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Radiomic signatures associated with tumor immune heterogeneity predict survival in locally recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma J. Natl. Cancer Inst. (IF 10.3) Pub Date : 2024-04-19 Da-Feng Lin, Hai-Lin Li, Ting Liu, Xiao-Fei Lv, Chuan-Miao Xie, Xiao-Min Ou, Jian Guan, Ye Zhang, Wen-Bin Yan, Mei-Lin He, Meng-Yuan Mao, Xun Zhao, Lian-Zhen Zhong, Wen-Hui Chen, Qiu-Yan Chen, Hai-Qiang Mai, Rou-Jun Peng, Jie Tian, Lin-Quan Tang, Di Dong
Background The prognostic value of traditional clinical indicators for locally recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma (lrNPC) is limited due to their inability to reflect intratumor heterogeneity. We aimed to develop a radiomic signature to reveal tumor immune heterogeneity and predict survival in lrNPC. Methods This multicenter, retrospective study included 921 patients with lrNPC. A machine learning
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Systematic investigation of genetically determined plasma and urinary metabolites to discover potential interventional targets for colorectal cancer J. Natl. Cancer Inst. (IF 10.3) Pub Date : 2024-04-18 Jing Sun, Jianhui Zhao, Siyun Zhou, Xinxuan Li, Tengfei Li, Lijuan Wang, Shuai Yuan, Dong Chen, Philip J Law, Susanna C Larsson, Susan M Farrington, Richard S Houlston, Malcolm G Dunlop, Evropi Theodoratou, Xue Li
Background We aimed to identify plasma and urinary metabolites related to colorectal cancer (CRC) risk and elucidate their mediator role in the associations between modifiable risk factors and CRC. Methods Metabolite quantitative trait loci were derived from two published metabolomics genome-wide association studies (GWASs), and summary-level data were extracted for 651 plasma metabolites and 208 urinary
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A population-based study of COVID-19 mortality risk in US cancer patients J. Natl. Cancer Inst. (IF 10.3) Pub Date : 2024-04-13 Kyle A Mani, Xue Wu, Daniel E Spratt, Ming Wang, Nicholas G Zaorsky
Background In this study, we provide the largest analysis to date of a US-based cancer cohort to characterize death from COVID-19. Methods A total of 4,020,669 patients across 15 subtypes living with cancer in 2020 and included in the National Cancer Institute’s Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database were abstracted. We investigated prognostic factors for death due to COVID-19
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Increasing power in screening trials by testing control-arm specimens: Application to multicancer detection screening J. Natl. Cancer Inst. (IF 10.3) Pub Date : 2024-04-11 Hormuzd A Katki, Philip C Prorok, Philip E Castle, Lori M Minasian, Paul F Pinsky
Background Cancer screening trials have required large sample-sizes and long time-horizons to demonstrate cancer mortality reductions, the primary goal of cancer screening. We examine assumptions and potential power gains from exploiting information from testing control-arm specimens, which we call the “Intended Effect” (IE) analysis that we explain in detail herein. The IE analysis is particularly
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Housing Assistance Among Patients with Cancer: SEER-Medicare U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development Data Linkage J. Natl. Cancer Inst. (IF 10.3) Pub Date : 2024-04-08 Craig Evan Pollack, Veronica Garrison, Taylor Johnson, Amanda L Blackford, Robert Banks, William Howe, K Robin Yabroff, Lindsey Enewold
Background Lack of stable and affordable housing is an important social determinant of health. Federal housing assistance may buffer against housing vulnerabilities among low-income households, but research examining the association of housing assistance and cancer care has been limited. We introduce a new linkage of SEER-Medicare and Housing and Urban Development (HUD) administrative data. Methods
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Evaluating Colonoscopy Quality by Performing Provider Type J. Natl. Cancer Inst. (IF 10.3) Pub Date : 2024-04-08 Emily Berry, Jeff Hostetter, Joseph Bachtold, Sarah Zamarripa, Keith E Argenbright
Background Colorectal Cancer (CRC) is the third most diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death in the United States. Colonoscopy is an essential tool for screening, used both as a primary approach and follow-up to an abnormal stool-based CRC screening result. Colonoscopy quality is often measured with four key indicators: bowel preparation, cecal intubation, mean withdrawal time
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Alcohol and colorectal cancer risk subclassified by mutational signatures of DNA mismatch repair deficiency J. Natl. Cancer Inst. (IF 10.3) Pub Date : 2024-04-04 Aiping Fang, Tomotaka Ugai, Carino Gurjao, Rong Zhong, Zhenhua Liu, Xinyuan Zhang, Peilu Wang, Jonathan Nowak, Molin Wang, Marios Giannakis, Shuji Ogino, Xuehong Zhang, Edward Giovannucci
Background We examined whether the association between alcohol consumption and CRC incidence was stronger for tumors with higher contributions of defective MMR (dMMR)-related tumor mutational signatures (TMSs). Methods We used data from 227,916 men and women who participated in the Nurses’ Health Study (1980-2016), the Nurses’ Health Study II (1991-2017), and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study
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Targeting fusion oncoproteins in childhood cancers: Challenges and future opportunities for developing therapeutics J. Natl. Cancer Inst. (IF 10.3) Pub Date : 2024-04-04 Sharad K Verma, Keren L Witkin, Anu Sharman, Malcolm A Smith
Fusion oncoproteins are associated with childhood cancers and have proven challenging to target, aside from those that include kinases. As part of its efforts for targeting childhood cancers, the National Cancer Institute recently conducted a series on ‘Novel Chemical Approaches for Targeting Fusion Oncoproteins’. Key learnings on leading platforms and technologies which can be utilized to advance
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Advancing health equity in cancer survivorship research: National institutes of health 2017–2022 portfolio review J. Natl. Cancer Inst. (IF 10.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-28 Michelle Doose, Michelle A Mollica, Amanda M Acevedo, Gina Tesauro, Lisa Gallicchio, Crystal Reed, Jennifer Guida, Molly E Maher, Shobha Srinivasan, Emily Tonorezos
Background Communities and researchers have called for a paradigm shift from describing health disparities to a health equity research agenda that addresses structural drivers. Therefore, we examined whether the cancer survivorship research portfolio has made this shift. Methods We identified grants focused on populations experiencing health disparities from the National Institutes of Health (NIH)
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Eradicating gross tumor disease: a prerequisite for efficient radioimmunotherapy? J. Natl. Cancer Inst. (IF 10.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-28 Eric Deutsch, Antonin Levy
Radiotherapy may induce off-target antitumor “abscopal” immunostimulatory but also immunosuppressive effects. Several preclinical and early clinical studies revealed promising results when combining radiation therapy with immunostimulatory agents. However, most immunoradiotherapy randomized trials showed disappointing results in patients with advanced tumors. On the contrary, encouraging outcomes were
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Response of bilateral wilms tumor to chemotherapy suggests histologic subtype and guides treatment J. Natl. Cancer Inst. (IF 10.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-28 Colton Duncan, Suraj Sarvode Mothi, Teresa C Santiago, Jordan A Coggins, Dylan E Graetz, Michael W Bishop, Elizabeth A Mullen, Andrew J Murphy, Daniel M Green, Matthew J Krasin, Andrew M Davidoff
Objectives Patients with bilateral Wilms tumor (BWT) initially receive neoadjuvant chemotherapy to shrink the tumors and increase the likelihood of successful nephron-sparing surgery. Biopsy of poorly responding tumors is often done to better understand therapy resistance. The purpose of this retrospective, single-institution study was to determine whether initial chemotherapy response is associated
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Race/ethnic associations with comprehensive cancer center access and clinical trial enrollment for acute leukemia J. Natl. Cancer Inst. (IF 10.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-22 Andrew Hantel, Andrew M Brunner, Jesse J Plascak, Hajime Uno, Juan C Varela, Marlise R Luskin, Timothy R Rebbeck, Richard M Stone, Christopher S Lathan, Daniel J DeAngelo, Gregory A Abel
Background Clinical trial participation at Comprehensive Cancer Centers (CCC) is inequitable for minoritized race/ethnic groups with acute leukemia. CCCs care for a high proportion of adults with acute leukemia. It is unclear if participation inequities are due to CCC access, post-access enrollment, or both. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study of adults with acute leukemia (2010-2019)
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Cytoreductive nephrectomy in the era of immune checkpoint inhibitors: a U.S. FDA pooled analysis J. Natl. Cancer Inst. (IF 10.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Jaleh Fallah, Haley Gittleman, Chana Weinstock, Elaine Chang, Sundeep Agrawal, Shenghui Tang, Richard Pazdur, Paul G Kluetz, Daniel L Suzman, Laleh Amiri-Kordestani
Background This pooled analysis of patient-level data from trials evaluated the clinical outcomes of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) with or without cytoreductive nephrectomy (CN) prior to a combination of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) and anti-angiogenic therapy. Methods Five trials of ICI plus anti-angiogenic therapy were pooled. Only patients with stage 4 at initial diagnosis
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Potential role of cannabis in ameliorating observed racialized disparities in cancer pain management J. Natl. Cancer Inst. (IF 10.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-12 Laurel P Gibson, Rebecca A Ferrer, Salimah H Meghani, Amanda M Acevedo
Cancer-related pain affects a significant proportion of all cancer patients yet remains inadequately managed, particularly among cancer patients from racialized backgrounds. In recent years, there has been increased research and clinical interest in the use of medical cannabis for cancer pain management, including its potential to ameliorate racialized disparities in cancer pain control. Although medical
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Familial adversity: association with discontinuation of adjuvant hormone therapy and breast cancer prognosis J. Natl. Cancer Inst. (IF 10.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-12 Erwei Zeng, Wei He, Arvid Sjölander, Jenny Bergqvist, Fang Fang, Kamila Czene
Background Many studies have examined patient-related factors affecting adjuvant hormone therapy adherence in breast cancer patients. Our study aimed to examine associations of family-related factors with adjuvant hormone therapy discontinuation and breast cancer-specific mortality. Methods By cross-linking seven Swedish health registers, we performed a cohort study including all breast cancer patients
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Predicting five-year interval second breast cancer risk in women with prior breast cancer J. Natl. Cancer Inst. (IF 10.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-11 Rebecca A Hubbard, Yu-Ru Su, Erin Ja Bowles, Laura Ichikawa, Karla Kerlikowske, Kathryn P Lowry, Diana L Miglioretti, Anna N A Tosteson, Karen J Wernli, Janie M Lee
Background Annual surveillance mammography is recommended for women with a personal history of breast cancer. Risk prediction models that estimate mammography failures such as interval second breast cancers could help to tailor surveillance imaging regimens to women’s individual risk profiles. Methods In a cohort of women with a history of breast cancer receiving surveillance mammography in the Breast
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Frameshift mutations in peripheral blood as a biomarker for surveillance of lynch syndrome J. Natl. Cancer Inst. (IF 10.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-11 Yurong Song, Holli Loomans-Kropp, Ryan N Baugher, Brandon Somerville, Shaneen S Baxter, Travis D Kerr, Teri M Plona, Stephanie D Mellott, Todd B Young, Heidi E Lawhorn, Lei Wei, Qiang Hu, Song Liu, Alan Hutson, Ligia Pinto, John D Potter, Shizuko Sei, Ozkan Gelincik, Steven M Lipkin, Johannes Gebert, Matthias Kloor, Robert H Shoemaker
Background Lynch syndrome (LS) is a hereditary cancer predisposition syndrome caused by germline mutations in DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes, which lead to high microsatellite instability (MSI-H) and frameshift mutations (FSMs) at coding mononucleotide repeats (cMNRs) in the genome. Recurrent FSMs in these regions are thought to play a central role in the increased risk of various cancers. However
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Impact of Risk-Based therapy on late morbidity and mortality in neuroblastoma survivors: a report from the childhood cancer survivor study J. Natl. Cancer Inst. (IF 10.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-09 Danielle Novetsky Friedman, Pamela J Goodman, Wendy M Leisenring, Lisa R Diller, Susan L Cohn, Rebecca M Howell, Susan A Smith, Emily S Tonorezos, Suzanne L Wolden, Joseph P Neglia, Kirsten K Ness, Todd M Gibson, Paul C Nathan, Lucie M Turcotte, Brent R Weil, Leslie L Robison, Kevin C Oeffinger, Gregory T Armstrong, Charles A Sklar, Tara O Henderson
Background Early efforts at risk-adapted therapy for neuroblastoma are predicted to result in differential late effects; the magnitude of these differences have not been well-described. Methods Late mortality, subsequent malignant neoplasms (SMN), and severe/life-threatening chronic health conditions (CHCs), graded according to CTCAE v4.03, were assessed among 5-year CCSS survivors of neuroblastoma
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Spatial intratumor heterogeneity of programmed death-ligand 1 expression predicts poor prognosis in resected non-small cell lung cancer J. Natl. Cancer Inst. (IF 10.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-08 Yusuke Nagasaki, Tetsuro Taki, Kotaro Nomura, Kenta Tane, Tomohiro Miyoshi, Joji Samejima, Keiju Aokage, Seiyu Jeong-Yoo Ohtani-Kim, Motohiro Kojima, Shingo Sakashita, Naoya Sakamoto, Shumpei Ishikawa, Kenji Suzuki, Masahiro Tsuboi, Genichiro Ishii
Objective We quantified the pathological spatial intratumor heterogeneity (ITH) of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression and investigated its relevance to patient outcomes in surgically resected non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). Materials and methods This study enrolled 239 consecutive surgically resected NSCLC specimens of pathological stage IIA–IIIB. To characterize the spatial ITH of
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Randomized trials of multi-cancer screening tests: Augmenting their ability to identify a genuine mortality benefit J. Natl. Cancer Inst. (IF 10.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-05 Noel S Weiss
Randomized trials of the efficacy of multi-cancer early detection, by means of measurement of cell-free DNA and/or protein biomarkers in peripheral blood specimens, will attempt to document a difference in cancer mortality between persons assigned to intervention and control arms. Their ability to do so is limited by the relatively low rate of death from individual forms of cancer, the relatively low
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Effects of a change in recall period on reporting severe symptoms: an analysis of a pragmatic multisite trial J. Natl. Cancer Inst. (IF 10.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-04 Roshan Paudel, Andrea C Enzinger, Hajime Uno, Christine Cronin, Sandra L Wong, Don S Dizon, Hannah Hazard Jenkins, Jessica Bian, Raymond U Osarogiagbon, Roxanne E Jensen, Sandra A Mitchell, Deborah Schrag, Michael J Hassett
Background Optimal methods for deploying electronic patient-reported outcomes (ePROs) to manage symptoms in routine oncologic practice remain uncertain. The eSyM symptom management program asks chemotherapy and surgery patients to self-report 12 symptoms regularly. Feedback from nurses and patients led to changing the recall period from the past 7 days to the past 24 hours. Methods Using questionnaires
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Population-level incidence of HPV-positive oropharyngeal, cervical, and anal cancers by smoking status J. Natl. Cancer Inst. (IF 10.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-02 Sameer V Gopalani, Mona Saraiya, Bin Huang, Thomas C Tucker, Jacqueline M Mix, Anil K Chaturvedi
We estimated the population-level incidence of human papillomavirus (HPV) positive oropharyngeal, cervical, and anal cancers by smoking status. We combined HPV DNA genotyping data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Cancer Registry Sentinel Surveillance System with data from the Kentucky Cancer Registry and Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System across smoking status. During 2004–2005
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Metabolomic signatures of inflammation and metabolic dysregulation in relation to colorectal cancer risk J. Natl. Cancer Inst. (IF 10.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-02 Alaina M Bever, Dong Hang, Dong Hoon Lee, Fred K Tabung, Tomotaka Ugai, Shuji Ogino, Jeffrey A Meyerhardt, Andrew T Chan, A Heather Eliassen, Liming Liang, Meir J Stampfer, Mingyang Song
Background Inflammation and metabolic dysregulation are associated with increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC); the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. We characterized metabolomic signatures of inflammation and metabolic dysregulation and evaluated the association of the signatures and individual metabolites with CRC risk. Methods Among 684 incident CRC cases and 684 age-matched controls
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Health-Related quality of life and DNA Methylation-Based aging biomarkers among survivors of childhood cancer J. Natl. Cancer Inst. (IF 10.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Noel-Marie Plonski, Yue Pan, Cheng Chen, Qian Dong, Xijun Zhang, Nan Song, Kyla Shelton, John Easton, Heather Mulder, Jinghui Zhang, Geoffrey Neale, Emily Walker, Hui Wang, Rachel Webster, Tara Brinkman, Kevin R Krull, Gregory T Armstrong, Kirsten K Ness, Melissa M Hudson, Qian Li, I-Chan Huang, Zhaoming Wang
Background Childhood cancer survivors are at high risk for morbidity and mortality and poor patient-reported outcomes, typically health-related-quality-of-life (HRQOL). However, associations between DNA methylation (DNAm)-based aging biomarkers and HRQOL have not been evaluated. Methods DNAm was generated with Infinium EPIC BeadChip on blood-derived DNA (median[range] for age at blood draw = 34.5[18
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The unique risk factor profile of triple negative breast cancer: a comprehensive meta-analysis J. Natl. Cancer Inst. (IF 10.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Nitya Kumar, Sarah Ehsan, Shahana Banerjee, Claudia Fernandez Perez, Isabelle Lhuilier, Jillian Neuner, Tara Friebel-Klinger, Oluwadamilola M Fayanju, Bindhu Nair, Sara Anjum Niinuma, Shivangi Nampoothiri, Anne Marie McCarthy
Background Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has a poor prognosis compared to other breast cancer subtypes. This systematic review and meta-analysis examines whether known risk factors for breast cancer are also associated with TNBC in adult females. Methods EMBASE, Medline, SCOPUS, and grey literature were queried with no limit on the date or language of publication. The exposures of interest included
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An orientation to the US National Cancer plan for the research community J. Natl. Cancer Inst. (IF 10.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Ann M Geiger, Elizabeth M Jaffee, Mitchel S Berger, Carol L Brown, W Kimryn Rathmell, Monica M Bertagnolli
The US National Cancer Act of 1971 designated the director of the National Cancer Institute as responsible for coordinating federal agencies and nonfederal organizations to make progress against cancer. As part of her role, the immediate past director of the National Cancer Institute (MMB) led the development of a National Cancer Plan that was formally released on April 3, 2023. The plan includes 8
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Healthcare organization characteristics in cancer care delivery: an integrated conceptual framework with content validation J. Natl. Cancer Inst. (IF 10.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-29 Sallie J Weaver, Erica S Breslau, Lauren E Russell, Allen Zhang, Ritu Sharma, Eric B Bass, Jill A Marsteller, Claire Snyder
Context can influence cancer-related outcomes. For example, healthcare organization characteristics including ownership, leadership, and culture can impact care access, communication, and patient outcomes. Healthcare organization characteristics and other contextual factors can also influence whether and how clinical discoveries reduce cancer incidence, morbidity, and mortality. Importantly, policy
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Prediagnostic evaluation of multicancer detection tests: Design and analysis considerations J. Natl. Cancer Inst. (IF 10.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-29 Stuart G Baker, Ruth Etzioni
There is growing interest in multicancer detection (MCD) tests, which identify molecular signals in the blood indicating a potential preclinical cancer. A key stage in evaluating MCD tests is a prediagnostic performance study, in which investigators store specimens from asymptomatic persons and later test stored specimens from cancer cases and a random sample of controls to determine predictive performance
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Assessing racial/ethnic and nativity disparities in US cancer mortality using a new integrated platform J. Natl. Cancer Inst. (IF 10.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-27 Mandi Yu, Lihua Liu, James (Todd) Gibson, Dave Campbell, Qinran Liu, Steve Scoppa, Eric J Feuer, Paulo S Pinheiro
Background Foreign-born (FB) populations in the US have significantly increased, yet cancer trends remain unexplored. Survey-based Population-Adjusted Rate Calculator (SPARC) is a new tool for evaluating nativity differences in cancer mortality. Methods Using SPARC, we calculated 3-year (2016-2018) age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) and rate ratios (RRs) for common cancers by sex, age group, race/ethnicity
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Dietary interventions in cancer: a systematic review of all randomized controlled trials J. Natl. Cancer Inst. (IF 10.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-27 Nosakhare Paul Ilerhunmwuwa, Abul Hasan Shadali Abdul Khader, Calvin Smith, Edward R Scheffer Cliff, Christopher M Booth, Evevanne Hottel Rd, Muhammad Aziz, Wade Lee-Smith, Aaron Goodman, Rajshekhar Chakraborty, Ghulam Rehman Mohyuddin
Background Prior systematic reviews addressing the impact of diet on cancer outcomes have focused on specific dietary interventions. In this systematic review, we assessed all RCTs investigating dietary interventions for cancer patients, examining the range of interventions, endpoints, patient populations, and results. Methods This systematic review identified all RCTs conducted prior to January 2023
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Association between diet quality and ovarian cancer risk and survival J. Natl. Cancer Inst. (IF 10.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-24 Anlan Cao, Denise A Esserman, Brenda Cartmel, Melinda L Irwin, Leah M Ferrucci
Background Research on diet quality and ovarian cancer is limited. We examined the association between diet quality and ovarian cancer risk and survival in a large prospective cohort. Methods We utilized data from women in the prospective NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study enrolled from 1995-1996 and were 50-71 years old at baseline with follow-up through 12/31/2017. Participants completed a 124-item Food
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COVID-19 vaccination, infection, and symptoms among cancer survivors in the United States J. Natl. Cancer Inst. (IF 10.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-24 Nuo Nova Yang, Jingxuan Zhao, Zhiyuan Zheng, K Robin Yabroff, Xuesong Han
The experiences of cancer survivors with the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States during 2021 and 2022, when vaccinations became widely available, are largely undocumented. Using nationally representative survey data in 2021 and 2022, we found that compared with adults without a cancer history, cancer survivors were more likely to have at least 2 COVID-19 vaccines (2021: 66.6% vs 62.3%, P = .003;
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Multi-tissue transcriptome-wide association studies identified 235 genes for intrinsic subtypes of breast cancer J. Natl. Cancer Inst. (IF 10.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-22 James L Li, Julian C McClellan, Haoyu Zhang, Guimin Gao, Dezheng Huo
Background Although genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of breast cancer (BC) identified common variants which differ between intrinsic subtypes, genes through which these variants act to impact BC risk have not been fully established. Transcriptome-wide association studies (TWAS) have identified genes associated with overall BC risk, but subtype-specific differences are largely unknown. Methods
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Use of Cancer-Directed therapy at the end of life among adolescents and young adults J. Natl. Cancer Inst. (IF 10.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-19 Jennifer W Mack, Colin Cernik, Lanfang Xu, Cecile A Laurent, Lauren Fisher, Nancy Cannizzaro, Julie Munneke, Robert M Cooper, Joshua R Lakin, Corey M Schwartz, Mallory Casperson, Andrea Altschuler, Lori Wiener, Lawrence H Kushi, Chun R Chao, Hajime Uno
Background Adolescents and young adults (AYAs) frequently receive chemotherapy near death. We know less about use of targeted agents and immunotherapy or trends over time. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 1,836 AYAs with cancer who died between 2009-2019 after receiving care at one of three sites (Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, and Kaiser Permanente
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PM2.5, vegetation density, and childhood cancer: a case-control registry-based study from Texas 1995-2011 J. Natl. Cancer Inst. (IF 10.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-17 Lindsay A Williams, David Haynes, Jeannette M Sample, Zhanni Lu, Ali Hossaini, Laura A McGuinn, Thanh T Hoang, Philip J Lupo, Michael E Scheurer
Background Air pollution is positively associated with some childhood cancers while greenness is inversely associated with some adult cancers. The interplay between air pollution and greenness in childhood cancer etiology is unclear. We estimated the association between early life air pollution and greenness exposure and childhood cancer in Texas (1995-2011). Methods We included 6,101 cancer cases
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Palliative prognostic scores for survival prediction of cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis J. Natl. Cancer Inst. (IF 10.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-17 Si Qi Yoong, Priyanka Bhowmik, Sreerag Kapparath, Davina Porock
Background The Palliative Prognostic Score (PaP) is the most widely validated prognostic tool for cancer survival prediction, with modified versions available. A systematic evaluation of PaP tools is lacking. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the performance and prognostic utility of PaP, Delirium-PaP (D-PaP), and PaP without clinician prediction in predicting 30-day survival
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Neoadjuvant Platinum-Based chemotherapy and lymphadenectomy for penile cancer: an international, Multi-Institutional, Real-World study J. Natl. Cancer Inst. (IF 10.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-17 Kyle M Rose, Rachel Pham, Niki M Zacharias, Filip Ionescu, Mahati Paravathaneni, Kathryn A Marchetti, Darren Sanchez, Arfa Mustasam, Reagan Sandstrom, Raghu Vikram, Jasreman Dhillon, Priya Rao, Amy Schneider, Lance Pagliaro, Constantine Alifrangis, Maarten Albersen, Eduard Roussel, Viraj A Master, Bassel Nazha, Cindy Hernandez, Kelvin A Moses, Chris Protzel, Jeffrey Montgomery, Martin Angel, Marcos
Introduction This study investigated the efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) for locally advance penile squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC), for which current evidence is lacking. Methods Included patients had locally advanced PSCC with clinical lymph node metastasis treated with at least one dose of NAC prior to planned consolidative lymphadenectomy. Objective response rates (ORR) were
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Cancer risks among first-degree relatives of women with a genetic predisposition to breast cancer J. Natl. Cancer Inst. (IF 10.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-12 Qingyang Xiao, Xinhe Mao, Alexander Ploner, Felix Grassmann, Juan Rodriguez, Mikael Eriksson, Per Hall, Kamila Czene
Background Associations between germline alterations in women and cancer risks among their relatives are largely unknown. Methods We used women from two Swedish cohorts (KARMA and pKARMA), including 28,362 women with genotyping data and 13,226 with sequencing data. Using Swedish Multi-Generation Register, we linked these women to 133,389 first-degree relatives. Associations between protein-truncating
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Geriatric assessment and quality of life for 2 years in older patients with head and neck cancer J. Natl. Cancer Inst. (IF 10.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-09 Charlotte Lafont, Elena Paillaud, Chloe Bertolus, Melany Baron, Philippe Caillet, Eric Bouvard, Marie Laurent, Didier Salvan, Laurence Chaumette, Laure de Decker, Benoit Piot, Beatrix Barry, Agathe Raynaud-Simon, Elisabeth Sauvaget, Aurélien Minard, Amélie Anota, Henri Panjo, Lydia Brugel, Florence Canouï-Poitrine
Due to the location and toxicity of treatments, head and neck cancer (HNC) has a major impact on quality of life (QoL). Objective to assess the effects of geriatric-assessment (GA)-driven interventions on QoL over 2 years in older adults with HNC. EGeSOR was a randomized study of HNC patients aged ≥65, receiving a pretreatment GA, a geriatric intervention and follow-up (intervention) or standard of
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Racial and ethnic disparities in genomic testing among lung cancer patients: a systematic review J. Natl. Cancer Inst. (IF 10.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-07 Clare Meernik, Yadurshini Raveendran, Michaela Kolarova, Fariha Rahman, Ebunoluwa Olunuga, Emmery Hammond, Akhilesh Shivaramakrishnan, Steph Hendren, Hayden B Bosworth, Devon K Check, Michelle Green, John H Strickler, Tomi Akinyemiju
Introduction Racial and ethnic disparities in genomic testing could exacerbate disparities in access to precision cancer therapies and survival—particularly in the context of lung cancer, where genomic testing has been recommended for the past decade. However, prior studies assessing disparities in genomic testing have yielded mixed results. Methods We conducted a systemic review to examine racial
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Effect of surgery versus chemotherapy in pancreatic cancer patients: a target trial emulation J. Natl. Cancer Inst. (IF 10.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-04 Jakob Kirkegård, Charles Gaber, Uffe Heide-Jørgensen, Claus Wilki Fristrup, Jennifer L Lund, Deirdre Cronin-Fenton, Frank Viborg Mortensen
Purpose To estimate the causal effect of surgery vs chemotherapy on survival in patients with T1-3NxM0 pancreatic cancer in a rigorous framework addressing selection bias and immortal time bias. Methods We used population-based Danish healthcare registries to conduct a cohort study emulating a hypothetical randomized trial to estimate the absolute difference in survival, comparing surgery with chemotherapy
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Maximizing scarce colonoscopy resources: the crucial role of Stool-Based tests J. Natl. Cancer Inst. (IF 10.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-04 Gloria D Coronado, Leslie Bienen, Andrea Burnett-Hartman, Jeffrey K Lee, Carolyn M Rutter
During the COVID-19 pandemic, health systems, including federally qualified health centers (FQHCs), experienced disruptions in colorectal cancer (CRC) screening. National organizations called for greater use of at-home stool-based testing followed by colonoscopy for those with abnormal test results to limit (in-person) colonoscopy exams to people with acute symptoms, or who were high-risk. This ‘stool-test-first’
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Levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device therapy versus oral progestin treatment for Reproductive-Aged patients with endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia: a systematic review and Meta-Analysis J. Natl. Cancer Inst. (IF 10.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-02 Yukio Suzuki, Jennifer S Ferris, Ling Chen, Shayan Dioun, John Usseglio, Koji Matsuo, Xiao Xu, Dawn L Hershman, Jason D Wright
Background We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine outcomes of patients with endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia (EIN) treated with oral progestins or levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device (LNG-IUD). Methods We conducted a systematic review across five databases to examine outcomes of progestational treatment (oral progestins or LNG-IUD) for patients with EIN. The primary
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Association of N-terminal Pro-Brain natriuretic peptide with survival among US cancer survivors J. Natl. Cancer Inst. (IF 10.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Chao Cao, Lin Yang, Anju Nohria, Erica L Mayer, Ann H Partridge, Jennifer A Ligibel
Background N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) is a cardiac biomarker associated with the risk of heart failure and death in the general population but has not been explored in cancer survivors. Methods Using a US nationally representative sample of adults ≥20 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1999 to 2004, this study compared NT-proBNP levels between
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Association of metformin use and cancer incidence: a systematic review and meta-analysis J. Natl. Cancer Inst. (IF 10.3) Pub Date : 2024-01-31 Lauren O’connor, Maeve Bailey-Whyte, Manami Bhattacharya, Gisela Buttera, Kaitlyn N Lewis Hardell, Andrew B Seidenberg, Philip E Castle, Holli A Loomans-Kropp
Background Metformin is among the most used anti-diabetic medications, due to its minimal toxicity, favorable safety profile, availability, and low cost. In addition to its role in diabetes management, metformin may also reduce cancer risk. Methods We conducted a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis investigating the association between metformin use and cancer risk, with evaluation by
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Evaluating the sensitivity of EQ-5D-5L in patients with brain metastases: a secondary analysis of NRG CC001 J. Natl. Cancer Inst. (IF 10.3) Pub Date : 2024-01-28 Hua-Ren R Cherng, Melody Qu, Zafar Zafari, Søren Bentzen, Terri S Armstrong, Vinai Gondi, Paul D Brown, Minesh Mehta, Mark V Mishra
BACKGROUND EuroQoL EQ-5D is a commonly used measure of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in clinical trials given the use of its index score as a measure of health utilities. It is unclear whether EQ-5D is sensitive to changes in neurocognitive function and progression that occur following brain radiation. This study sought to evaluate the sensitivity of EQ-5D-5L in reflecting these changes. PATIENTS