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Emerging Variants of Canine Enteric Coronavirus Associated with Outbreaks of Gastroenteric Disease Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-05-14 Edward Cunningham-Oakes, Jack Pilgrim, Alistair C. Darby, Charlotte Appleton, Chris Jewell, Barry Rowlingson, Carmen Tamayo Cuartero, Richard Newton, Fernando Sánchez-Vizcaíno, Ivo Salgueiro Fins, Bethaney Brant, Shirley Smith, Rebekah Penrice-Randal, Simon R. Clegg, Ashley P.E. Roberts, Stefan H. Millson, Gina L. Pinchbeck, P.-J.M. Noble, Alan D. Radford
A 2022 canine gastroenteritis outbreak in the United Kingdom was associated with circulation of a new canine enteric coronavirus closely related to a 2020 variant with an additional spike gene recombination. The variants are unrelated to canine enteric coronavirus–like viruses associated with human disease but represent a model for coronavirus population adaptation.
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Encephalitozoon cuniculi Microsporidia in Cerebrospinal Fluid from Immunocompetent Patients, Czech Republic Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-05-14 Bohumil Sak, Katka Mansfeldová, Klára Brdíčková, Petra Gottliebová, Elka Nyčová, Nikola Holubová, Jana Fenclová, Marta Kicia, Żaneta Zajączkowska, Martin Kváč
We retrospectively analyzed of 211 frozen cerebrospinal fluid samples from immunocompetent persons in the Czech Republic and detected 6 Encephalitozoon cuniculi–positive samples. Microsporidiosis is generally underestimated and patients are not usually tested for microsporidia, but latent infection in immunodeficient and immunocompetent patients can cause serious complications if not detected and treated
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Zoonotic Ancylostoma ceylanicum Infection in Coyotes from Guanacaste Conservation Area, Costa Rica, 2021 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-05-14 Patsy A. Zendejas-Heredia, Joby Robleto-Quesada, Alberto Solano, Alicia Rojas, Vito Colella
Ancylostoma ceylanicum is the second most common hookworm infecting humans in the Asia-Pacific region. Recent reports suggest presence of the parasite in the Americas. We report A. ceylanicum infections in coyotes from the Guanacaste Conservation Area, Costa Rica. Our findings call for active surveillance in humans and animals.
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Infection- and Vaccine-Induced SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence, Japan, 2023 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-05-14 Ryo Kinoshita, Sho Miyamoto, Shoko Sakuraba, Jun Sugihara, Motoi Suzuki, Tadaki Suzuki, Daisuke Yoneoka
We assessed SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in Japan during July–August 2023, with a focus on 2 key age groups, 0–15 and >80 years. We estimated overall seroprevalence of 45.3% for nucleocapsid antibodies and 95.4% for spike antibodies and found notable maternally derived spike antibodies in infants 6–11 months of age (90.0%).
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SARS-CoV-2 in Captive Nonhuman Primates, Spain, 2020–2023 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-05-14 David Cano-Terriza, Adrián Beato-Benítez, Leira Fernández-Bastit, Joaquim Segalés, Júlia Vergara-Alert, Eva Martínez-Nevado, Andrea Carretero, Dietmar Crailsheim, Pilar Soriano, Javier Planas, Mario Torro, Ignacio García-Bocanegra
We conducted a serologic and molecular study to assess exposure of captive nonhuman primates (NHPs) to SARS-CoV-2 in Spain during the 2020–2023 COVID-19 pandemic. We found limited exposure of NHPs to SARS-CoV-2. Biosafety measures must be strictly maintained to avoid SARS-CoV-2 reverse-zoonotic transmission in the human–NHP interface.
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Incubation Period and Serial Interval of Mpox in 2022 Global Outbreak Compared with Historical Estimates Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-05-14 Luis Ponce, Natalie M. Linton, Wu Han Toh, Hao-Yuan Cheng, Robin N. Thompson, Andrei R. Akhmetzhanov, Jonathan Dushoff
Understanding changes in the transmission dynamics of mpox requires comparing recent estimates of key epidemiologic parameters with historical data. We derived historical estimates for the incubation period and serial interval for mpox and contrasted them with pooled estimates from the 2022 outbreak. Our findings show the pooled mean infection-to-onset incubation period was 8.1 days for the 2022 outbreak
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Estimates of SARS-CoV-2 Hospitalization and Fatality Rates in the Prevaccination Period, United States Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-05-14 Isabel Griffin, Jessica King, B. Casey Lyons, Alyson L. Singleton, Xidong Deng, Beau B. Bruce, Patricia M. Griffin
Few precise estimates of hospitalization and fatality rates from COVID-19 exist for naive populations, especially within demographic subgroups. We estimated rates among persons with SARS-CoV-2 infection in the United States during May 1–December 1, 2020, before vaccines became available. Both rates generally increased with age; fatality rates were highest for persons >85 years of age (24%) and lowest
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Trends in Nationally Notifiable Infectious Diseases in Humans and Animals during COVID-19 Pandemic, South Korea Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-05-14 Taehee Chang, Sung-il Cho, Dae sung Yoo, Kyung-Duk Min
We investigated trends in notifiable infectious diseases in both humans and animals during the COVID-19 pandemic in South Korea and compared those data against expected trends had nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) not been implemented. We found that human respiratory infectious diseases other than COVID-19 decreased by an average of 54.7% after NPIs were introduced. On the basis of that trend
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SARS-CoV-2 Disease Severity and Cycle Threshold Values in Children Infected during Pre-Delta, Delta, and Omicron Periods, Colorado, USA, 2021–2022 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-05-14 Laura Bankers, Shannon C. O’Brien, Diana M. Tapay, Erin Ho, Isaac Armistead, Alexis Burakoff, Samuel R. Dominguez, Shannon R. Matzinger
In adults, viral load and disease severity can differ by SARS-CoV-2 variant, patterns less understood in children. We evaluated symptomatology, cycle threshold (Ct) values, and SARS-CoV-2 variants among 2,299 pediatric SARS-CoV-2 patients (0–21 years of age) in Colorado, USA, to determine whether children infected with Delta or Omicron had different symptom severity or Ct values than during earlier
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Foodborne Disease Outbreaks Linked to Foods Eligible for Irradiation, United States, 2009–2020 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-05-09 Marta Zlotnick, Taylor Eisenstein, Misha Park Robyn, Katherine E. Marshall
Food irradiation can reduce foodborne illnesses but is rarely used in the United States. We determined whether outbreaks related to Campylobacter, Salmonella, Escherichia coli, and Listeria monocytogenes were linked to irradiation-eligible foods. Of 482 outbreaks, 155 (32.2%) were linked to an irradiation-eligible food, none of which were known to be irradiated.
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Choanephora infundibulifera Rhinosinusitis in Man with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, Tennessee, USA Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-05-13 Anita Max, Heather L. Glasgow, Teresa C.B. Santiago, Ashley Holland, Hiroto Inaba, Connie F. Cañete-Gibas, Nathan P. Wiederhold, Randall T. Hayden, Elisabeth E. Adderson
Choanephora infundibulifera is a member of the Mucorales order of fungi. The species is associated with plants as a saprophyte or parasite and may be responsible for spoilage or disease but is an uncommon cause of human infection. We describe C. infundibulifera rhinosinusitis in a young man with leukemia in Tennessee, USA.
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Follow-Up Study of Effectiveness of 23-Valent Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine Against All-Type and Serotype-Specific Invasive Pneumococcal Disease, Denmark Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-05-13 Katrine Finderup Nielsen, Lise Birk Nielsen, Tine Dalby, Frederikke Kristensen Lomholt, Hans-Christian Slotved, Kurt Fuursted, Zitta Barrella Harboe, Charlotte Sværke Jørgensen, Palle Valentiner-Branth
As a follow-up to a previous study, we investigated vaccine effectiveness (VE) of 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) against invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) among 1,254,498 persons >65 years of age as part of a vaccination program in Denmark during April 2020–January 2023. We assessed VE by using a Cox regression model and adjusted for age, sex, and underlying conditions. Using
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Severe Human Parainfluenza Virus Community- and Healthcare-Acquired Pneumonia in Adults at Tertiary Hospital, Seoul, South Korea, 2010–2019 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-05-13 Joung Ha Park, Sang-Bum Hong, Jin Won Huh, Jiwon Jung, Min Jae Kim, Yong Pil Chong, Heungsup Sung, Kyung Hyun Do, Sung-Han Kim, Sang-Oh Lee, Yang Soo Kim, Chae-Man Lim, Younsuck Koh, Sang-Ho Choi
The characteristics of severe human parainfluenza virus (HPIV)–associated pneumonia in adults have not been well evaluated. We investigated epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of 143 patients with severe HPIV-associated pneumonia during 2010–2019. HPIV was the most common cause (25.2%) of severe virus-associated hospital-acquired pneumonia and the third most common cause (15.7%) of severe virus-associated
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Electronic Health Record–Based Algorithm for Monitoring Respiratory Virus–Like Illness Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-05-13 Noelle M. Cocoros, Karen Eberhardt, Vu-Thuy Nguyen, Catherine M. Brown, Alfred DeMaria, Lawrence C. Madoff, Liisa M. Randall, Michael Klompas
Viral respiratory illness surveillance has traditionally focused on single pathogens (e.g., influenza) and required fever to identify influenza-like illness (ILI). We developed an automated system applying both laboratory test and syndrome criteria to electronic health records from 3 practice groups in Massachusetts, USA, to monitor trends in respiratory viral–like illness (RAVIOLI) across multiple
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Effect of Myxoma Virus Species Jump on Iberian Hare Populations Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-05-09 Beatriz Cardoso, Ignacio García-Bocanegra, João Queirós, Javier Fernández-López, Paulo C. Alves, Pelayo Acevedo
The myxoma virus species jump from European rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) to Iberian hares (Lepus granatensis) has raised concerns. We assess the decline suffered by Iberian hare populations on the Iberian Peninsula and discuss the association between the effect of myxomatosis and the average abundance index, which we estimated by using hunting bags.
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Human Passage of Schistosoma incognitum, Tamil Nadu, India, and Review of Autochthonous Schistosomiasis, South Asia Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-05-07 Sitara S.R. Ajjampur, Rajiv Sarkar, Richard S. Bradbury
A fecal survey in Tamil Nadu, India, revealed 2 persons passed schistosome eggs, later identified as Schistosoma incognitum, a parasite of pigs, dogs, and rats. We investigated those cases and reviewed autochthonous schistosomiasis cases from India and Nepal. Whether the 2 new cases represent true infection or spurious passage is undetermined.
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Outbreak of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus in Seals, St. Lawrence Estuary, Quebec, Canada Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-05-07 Stéphane Lair, Louise Quesnel, Anthony V. Signore, Pauline Delnatte, Carissa Embury-Hyatt, Marie-Soleil Nadeau, Oliver Lung, Shannon T. Ferrell, Robert Michaud, Yohannes Berhane
We describe an unusual mortality event caused by a highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) virus clade 2.3.4.4b involving harbor (Phoca vitulina) and gray (Halichoerus grypus) seals in the St. Lawrence Estuary, Quebec, Canada, in 2022. Fifteen (56%) of the seals submitted for necropsy were considered to be fatally infected by HPAI H5N1 containing fully Eurasian or Eurasian/North American genome
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Plasmodium vivax Infections among Immigrants from China Traveling to the United States Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-05-06 Paloma Khamly, Nahel Kapadia, Minette Umali-Wilcox, Susan M. Butler-Wu, Kusha Davar
Beginning in 2023, we observed increased Plasmodium vivax malaria cases at an institution in Los Angeles, California, USA. Most cases were among migrants from China who traveled to the United States through South and Central America. US clinicians should be aware of possible P. vivax malaria among immigrants from China.
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Emergence of Group B Streptococcus Disease in Pigs and Porcupines, Italy Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-05-06 Chiara Anna Garbarino, Simone Bariselli, Giovanni Pupillo, Patrizia Bassi, Andrea Luppi, Roberta Taddei, Alessandro Reggiani, Elisa Massella, Matteo Ricchi, Elena Carra, Ruth N. Zadoks
We describe group B Streptococcus linked to disease in farmed pigs and wild porcupines in Italy. Occurrence in pigs was attributed to transmission from nonpasteurized bovine milk whey. Antimicrobial-resistance profiles in isolates from porcupines suggest no common source of infection. Our findings expand the known host range for group B Streptococcus disease.
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Yersinia ruckeri Infection and Enteric Redmouth Disease among Endangered Chinese Sturgeons, China, 2022 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-05-06 Yibin Yang, Shijian Xu, Hao He, Xia Zhu, Yongtao Liu, Mou Hu, Bobin Jiang, Yuqiang Li, Xiaohui Ai, Fu Guihong, Hongyu Zhang
During October 2022, enteric redmouth disease (ERM) affected Chinese sturgeons at a farm in Hubei, China, causing mass mortality. Affected fish exhibited characteristic red mouth and intestinal inflammation. Investigation led to isolation of a prominent bacterial strain, zhx1, from the internal organs and intestines of affected fish. Artificial infection experiments confirmed the role of zhx1 as the
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Chest Radiograph Screening for Detecting Subclinical Tuberculosis in Asymptomatic Household Contacts, Peru Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-05-06 Qi Tan, Chuan-Chin Huang, Mercedes C. Becerra, Roger Calderon, Carmen Contreras, Leonid Lecca, Judith Jimenez, Rosa Yataco, Jerome T. Galea, Jia-Yih Feng, Sheng-Wei Pan, Yen-Han Tseng, Jhong-Ru Huang, Zibiao Zhang, Megan B. Murray
The World Health Organization’s end TB strategy promotes the use of symptom and chest radiograph screening for tuberculosis (TB) disease. However, asymptomatic early states of TB beyond latent TB infection and active disease can go unrecognized using current screening criteria. We conducted a longitudinal cohort study enrolling household contacts initially free of TB disease and followed them for the
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Nontuberculous Mycobacteria and Laboratory Surveillance, Virginia, USA Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-05-06 Isaac See, Kelly A. Jackson, Rebecca Byram, Nadege Charles Toney, Cheri Grigg, Shelley S. Magill
Nontuberculous Mycobacteria and Laboratory Surveillance, Virginia, USA
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Novel Avian Influenza A(H5N6) in Wild Birds, South Korea, 2023 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-05-03 Andrew Yong Cho, Young-Jae Si, Dong-Ju Kim, Ye-Ram Seo, Dong-Yeop Lee, Daehun Kim, Dongbin Lee, Yaemoon Son, Hyesung Jeong, Chang-Seon Song, Dong-Hun Lee
Novel Avian Influenza A(H5N6) in Wild Birds, South Korea, 2023
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Concurrent Infection with Clade 2.3.4.4b Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N6 and H5N1 Viruses, South Korea, 2023 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-05-03 Gyeong-Beom Heo, Yong-Myung Kang, Se-Hee An, Yeongbu Kim, Ra Mi Cha, Yunyueng Jang, Eun-Kyoung Lee, Youn-Jeong Lee, Kwang-Nyeong Lee
Highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N6 and H5N1 viruses of clade 2.3.4.4b were simultaneously introduced into South Korea at the end of 2023. An outbreak at a broiler duck farm consisted of concurrent infection by both viruses. Sharing genetic information and international surveillance of such viruses in wild birds and poultry is critical.
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Deciphering Unexpected Vascular Locations of Scedosporium spp. and Lomentospora prolificans Fungal Infections, France Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-05-03 Carole Vignals, Joseph Emmerich, Hugues Begueret, Dea Garcia-Hermoso, Guillaume Martin-Blondel, Adela Angoulvant, Damien Blez, Patrick Bruneval, Sophie Cassaing, Emilie Catherinot, Pierre Cahen, Cécile Moluçon-Chabrot, Carole Chevenet, Laurence Delhaes, Lélia Escaut, Marie Faruch, Frédéric Grenouillet, Fabrice Larosa, Lucie Limousin, Elisabeth Longchampt, François Mellot, Céline Nourrisson, Marie-Elisabeth
Scedosporium spp. and Lomentospora prolificans are emerging non-Aspergillus filamentous fungi. The Scedosporiosis/lomentosporiosis Observational Study we previously conducted reported frequent fungal vascular involvement, including aortitis and peripheral arteritis. For this article, we reviewed 7 cases of Scedosporium spp. and L. prolificans arteritis from the Scedosporiosis/lomentosporiosis Observational
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Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Clade 2.3.4.4b Virus Infection in Domestic Dairy Cattle and Cats, United States, 2024 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-29 Eric R. Burrough, Drew R. Magstadt, Barbara Petersen, Simon J. Timmermans, Phillip C. Gauger, Jianqiang Zhang, Chris Siepker, Marta Mainenti, Ganwu Li, Alexis C. Thompson, Patrick J. Gorden, Paul J. Plummer, Rodger Main
We report highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus in dairy cattle and cats in Kansas and Texas, United States, which reflects the continued spread of clade 2.3.4.4b viruses that entered the country in late 2021. Infected cattle experienced nonspecific illness, reduced feed intake and rumination, and an abrupt drop in milk production, but fatal systemic influenza infection developed in domestic
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Sporadic Occurrence of Ensitrelvir-Resistant SARS-CoV-2, Japan Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-26 Akihiro Doi, Masayuki Ota, Masumichi Saito, Shutoku Matsuyama
Using the GISAID EpiCoV database, we identified 256 COVID-19 patients in Japan during March 31–December 31, 2023, who had mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 nonstructural protein 5 conferring ensitrelvir resistance. Ongoing genomic surveillance is required to monitor emergence of SARS-CoV-2 mutations that are resistant to anticoronaviral drugs.
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Evaluating Humoral Immunity Elicited by XBB.1.5 Monovalent COVID-19 Vaccine Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-26 Xammy Huu Nguyenla, Timothy A. Bates, Mila Trank-Greene, Mastura Wahedi, Fikadu G. Tafesse, Marcel Curlin
Because novel SARS-CoV-2 variants continue to emerge, immunogenicity of XBB.1.5 monovalent vaccines against live clinical isolates needs to be evaluated. We report boosting of IgG (2.1×), IgA (1.5×), and total IgG/A/M (1.7×) targeting the spike receptor-binding domain and neutralizing titers against WA1 (2.2×), XBB.1.5 (7.4×), EG.5.1 (10.5×), and JN.1 (4.7×) variants.
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Autochthonous Plasmodium vivax Infections, Florida, USA, 2023 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-25 Azhar Muneer, Swamy R. Adapa, Suzane Silbert, Kelly Scanlan, Harold Vore, Andrew Cannons, Andrea M. Morrison, Danielle Stanek, Carina Blackmore, John H. Adams, Kami Kim, Rays H.Y. Jiang, Liwang Cui
During May–July 2023, a cluster of 7 patients at local hospitals in Florida, USA, received a diagnosis of Plasmodium vivax malaria. Whole-genome sequencing of the organism from 4 patients and phylogenetic analysis with worldwide representative P. vivax genomes indicated probable single parasite introduction from Central/South America.
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Evolution and Antigenic Differentiation of Avian Influenza A(H7N9) Virus, China Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-19 Yang Liu, Yuhua Chen, Zhiyi Yang, Yaozhong Lin, Siyuan Fu, Junhong Chen, Lingyu Xu, Tengfei Liu, Beibei Niu, Qiuhong Huang, Haixia Liu, Chaofeng Zheng, Ming Liao, Weixin Jia
We characterized the evolution and molecular characteristics of avian influenza A(H7N9) viruses isolated in China during 2021–2023. We systematically analyzed the 10-year evolution of the hemagglutinin gene to determine the evolutionary branch. Our results showed recent antigenic drift, providing crucial clues for updating the H7N9 vaccine and disease prevention and control.
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Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus for Clinicians—Epidemiology, Clinical Manifestations, and Prevention Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-19 Maria G. Frank, Gretchen Weaver, Vanessa Raabe
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a tickborne infection that can range from asymptomatic to fatal and has been described in >30 countries. Early identification and isolation of patients with suspected or confirmed CCHF and the use of appropriate prevention and control measures are essential for preventing human-to-human transmission. Here, we provide an overview of the epidemiology, clinical
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Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus for Clinicians—Diagnosis, Clinical Management, and Therapeutics Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-18 Maria G. Frank, Gretchen Weaver, Vanessa Raabe
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is the most geographically widespread tickborne viral infection worldwide and has a fatality rate of up to 62%. Despite its widespread range and high fatality rate, no vaccines or treatments are currently approved by regulatory agencies in the United States or Europe. Supportive treatment remains the standard of care, but the use of antiviral medications
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Seasonal Patterns of Mpox Index Cases, Africa, 1970–2021 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 Camille Besombes, Festus Mbrenga, Ella Gonofio, Christian Malaka, Cedric-Stephane Bationo, Jean Gaudart, Manon Curaudeau, Alexandre Hassanin, Antoine Gessain, Romain Duda, Tamara Giles Vernick, Arnaud Fontanet, Emmanuel Nakouné, Jordi Landier
Across 133 confirmed mpox zoonotic index cases reported during 1970–2021 in Africa, cases occurred year-round near the equator, where climate is consistent. However, in tropical regions of the northern hemisphere under a dry/wet season cycle, cases occurred seasonally. Our findings further support the seasonality of mpox zoonotic transmission risk.
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Recurrence, Microevolution, and Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Legionella pneumophila Sequence Type 1905, Portugal, 2014–2022 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 Vera Manageiro, Vítor Borges, Raquel Rodrigues, Célia Bettencourt, Cecília Silva, João Paulo Gomes, Paulo Gonçalves
We investigated molecular evolution and spatiotemporal dynamics of atypical Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 sequence type 1905 and determined its long-term persistence and linkage to human disease in dispersed locations, far beyond the large 2014 outbreak epicenter in Portugal. Our finding highlights the need for public health interventions to prevent further disease spread.
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Interventional Study of Nonpharmaceutical Measures to Prevent COVID-19 Aboard Cruise Ships Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 Varvara A. Mouchtouri, Leonidas Kourentis, Lemonia Anagnostopoulos, Michalis Koureas, Maria Kyritsi, Katerina Maria Kontouli, Fani Kalala, Mattheos Speletas, Christos Hadjichristodoulou
Cruise ships carrying COVID-19–vaccinated populations applied near-identical nonpharmaceutical measures during July–November 2021; passenger masking was not applied on 2 ships. Infection risk for masked passengers was 14.58 times lower than for unmasked passengers and 19.61 times lower than in the community. Unmasked passengers’ risk was slightly lower than community risk.
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Antigenic Characterization of Novel Human Norovirus GII.4 Variants San Francisco 2017 and Hong Kong 2019 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 Kentaro Tohma, Michael Landivar, Lauren A. Ford-Siltz, Kelsey A. Pilewski, Joseph A. Kendra, Sandra Niendorf, Gabriel I. Parra
Norovirus is a major cause of acute gastroenteritis; GII.4 is the predominant strain in humans. Recently, 2 new GII.4 variants, Hong Kong 2019 and San Francisco 2017, were reported. Characterization using GII.4 monoclonal antibodies and serum demonstrated different antigenic profiles for the new variants compared with historical variants.
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SARS-CoV-2 IgG Levels as Predictors of XBB Variant Neutralization, Israel, 2022 and 2023 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-16 Yaniv Lustig, Michal Canetti, Victoria Indenbaum, Yovel Peretz, Yael Weiss-Ottolenghi, Ili Margalit, Keren Asraf, Tal Levin, Neta Zuckerman, Enosh Tomer, Michal Mandelboim, Ram Doolman, Noam Barda, Gili Regev-Yochay
Although a vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron-XBB.1.5 variant is available worldwide and recent infection is protective, the lack of recorded infection data highlights the need to assess variant-specific antibody neutralization levels. We analyzed IgG levels against receptor-binding domain–specific SARS-CoV-2 ancestral strain as a correlate for high neutralizing titers against XBB variants.
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Detection of Recombinant African Swine Fever Virus Strains of p72 Genotypes I and II in Domestic Pigs, Vietnam, 2023 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-16 Van Phan Le, Van Tam Nguyen, Tran Bac Le, Nguyen Tuan Anh Mai, Viet Dung Nguyen, Thi Tam Than, Thi Ngoc Ha Lai, Ki Hyun Cho, Seong-Keun Hong, Yeon Hee Kim, Tran Anh Dao Bui, Thi Lan Nguyen, Daesub Song, Aruna Ambagala
African swine fever virus (ASFV) genotype II is endemic to Vietnam. We detected recombinant ASFV genotypes I and II (rASFV I/II) strains in domestic pigs from 6 northern provinces in Vietnam. The introduction of rASFV I/II strains could complicate ongoing ASFV control measures in the region.
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Epidemiologic Survey of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus in Suids, Spain Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-16 Mario Frías, Kerstin Fischer, Sabrina Castro-Scholten, Caroline Bost, David Cano-Terriza, Maria Ángeles Risalde, Pelayo Acevedo, Saúl Jiménez-Ruiz, Balal Sadeghi, Martin H. Groschup, Javier Caballero-Gómez, Ignacio García-Bocanegra
We conducted a cross-sectional study in wild boar and extensively managed Iberian pig populations in a hotspot area of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) in Spain. We tested for antibodies against CCHFV by using 2 ELISAs in parallel. We assessed the presence of CCHFV RNA by means of reverse transcription quantitative PCR protocol, which detects all genotypes. A total of 113 (21.8%) of 518
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Molecular Epidemiology of Mayaro Virus among Febrile Patients, Roraima State, Brazil, 2018–2021 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-15 Julia Forato, Cássio A. Meira, Ingra M. Claro, Mariene R. Amorim, Gabriela F. de Souza, Stefanie P. Muraro, Daniel A. Toledo-Teixeira, Miguel F. Dias, Cátia A. R. Meneses, Rodrigo N. Angerami, Pritesh Lalwani, Scott C. Weaver, Ester C. Sabino, Nuno R. Faria, William M. de Souza, Fabiana Granja, José Luiz Proenca-Modena
We detected Mayaro virus (MAYV) in 3.4% (28/822) of febrile patients tested during 2018–2021 from Roraima State, Brazil. We also isolated MAYV strains and confirmed that these cases were caused by genotype D. Improved surveillance is needed to better determine the burden of MAYV in the Amazon Region.
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Serogroup B Invasive Meningococcal Disease in Older Adults Identified by Genomic Surveillance, England, 2022–2023 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-15 Emily Loud, Stephen A. Clark, David S. Edwards, Elizabeth Knapper, Lynsey Emmett, Shamez Ladhani, Helen Campbell
We report a cluster of serogroup B invasive meningococcal disease identified via genomic surveillance in older adults in England and describe the public health responses. Genomic surveillance is critical for supporting public health investigations and detecting the growing threat of serogroup B Neisseria meningitidis infections in older adults.
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Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus for Clinicians—Virology, Pathogenesis, and Pathology Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-15 Maria G. Frank, Gretchen Weaver, Vanessa Raabe
Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF), caused by CCHF virus, is a tickborne disease that can cause a range of illness outcomes, from asymptomatic infection to fatal viral hemorrhagic fever; the disease has been described in >30 countries. We conducted a literature review to provide an overview of the virology, pathogenesis, and pathology of CCHF for clinicians. The virus life cycle and molecular interactions
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Coccidioidomycosis-Related Hospital Visits, Texas, USA, 2016–2021 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-15 Heather Mayfield, Vanora Davila, Elena Penedo
We analyzed hospital discharge records of patients with coccidioidomycosis-related codes from the International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision, Clinical Modification, to estimate the prevalence of hospital visits associated with the disease in Texas, USA. Using Texas Health Care Information Collection data for 2016–2021, we investigated the demographic characteristics and geographic distribution
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Sporotrichosis Cluster in Domestic Cats and Veterinary Technician, Kansas, USA, 2022 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-12 Ian Hennessee, Erin Barber, Erin Petro, Stephanie Lindemann, Bryan Buss, Amanda Santos, Lalitha Gade, Shawn R. Lockhart, D. Joseph Sexton, Tom Chiller, Mitsuru Toda
We describe a feline sporotrichosis cluster and zoonotic transmission between one of the affected cats and a technician at a veterinary clinic in Kansas, USA. Increased awareness of sporotrichosis and the potential for zoonotic transmission could help veterinary professionals manage feline cases and take precautions to prevent human acquisition.
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Reemergence of Bordetella parapertussis, United States, 2019–2023 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-12 Brooklyn A. Noble, Sarah S. Jiudice, Jay D. Jones, Tristan T. Timbrook
To determine changes in Bordetella pertussis and B. parapertussis detection rates, we analyzed 1.43 million respiratory multiplex PCR test results from US facilities from 2019 through mid-2023. From mid-2022 through mid-2023, Bordetella spp. detection increased 8.5-fold; 95% of detections were B. parapertussis. While B. parapertussis rates increased, B. pertussis rates decreased.
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Detection of Influenza D Antibodies in Dogs, Apulia Region, Italy, 2016 and 2023 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-12 Claudia Maria Trombetta, Serena Marchi, Maria Giovanna Marotta, Ana Moreno, Chiara Chiapponi, Emanuele Montomoli, Gianvito Lanave, Michele Camero, Vito Martella
Dogs are known to be susceptible to influenza A viruses, although information on influenza D virus (IDV) is limited. We investigated the seroprevalence of IDV in 426 dogs in the Apulia region of Italy during 2016 and 2023. A total of 14 samples were positive for IDV antibodies, suggesting exposure to IDV in dogs.
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Detection of OXA-181 Carbapenemase in Shigella flexneri Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-12 Ghulam Dhabaan, Hassan Jamal, Danielle Ouellette, Sarah Alexander, Karen Arane, Aaron Campigotto, Manal Tadros, Pierre-Philippe Piché-Renaud
We report the detection of OXA-181 carbapenemase in an azithromycin-resistant Shigella spp. bacteria in an immunocompromised patient. The emergence of OXA-181 in Shigella spp. bacteria raises concerns about the global dissemination of carbapenem resistance in Enterobacterales and its implications for the treatment of infections caused by Shigella bacteria.
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Sphingobium yanoikuyae Bacteremia, Japan Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-12 Yayoi Miyamatsu, Ryutaro Tanizaki, Satoko Yamada
We report a case of Sphingobium yanoikuyae bacteremia in an 89-year-old patient in Japan. No standard antimicrobial regimen has been established for S. yanoikuyae infections. However, ceftriaxone and ceftazidime treatments were effective in this case. Increased antimicrobial susceptibility data are needed to establish appropriate treatments for S. yanoikuyae.
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Antimicrobial Resistance as Risk Factor for Recurrent Bacteremia after Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, or Klebsiella spp. Community-Onset Bacteremia Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-12 Salam Abbara, Didier Guillemot, David R.M. Smith, Salma El Oualydy, Maeva Kos, Cécile Poret, Stéphane Breant, Christian Brun-Buisson, Laurence Watier
We investigated links between antimicrobial resistance in community-onset bacteremia and 1-year bacteremia recurrence by using the clinical data warehouse of Europe’s largest university hospital group in France. We included adult patients hospitalized with an incident community-onset Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, or Klebsiella spp. bacteremia during 2017–2019. We assessed risk factors of
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Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus in Ticks Collected from Cattle, Corsica, France, 2023 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-11 Paloma Kiwan, Shirley Masse, Geraldine Piorkowski, Nazli Ayhan, Morena Gasparine, Laurence Vial, Remi N. Charrel, Xavier de Lamballerie, Alessandra Falchi
We report the detection of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) in Corsica, France. We identified CCHFV African genotype I in ticks collected from cattle at 2 different sites in southeastern and central-western Corsica, indicating an established CCHFV circulation. Healthcare professionals and at-risk groups should be alerted to CCHFV circulation in Corsica.
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Burkholderia thailandensis Isolated from Infected Wound, Southwest China, 2022 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Jin Li, Jishan Tan, Xingyun Xiong, Qiu Zhong, Weiping Lu
We report a clinical isolate of Burkholderia thailandensis 2022DZh obtained from a patient with an infected wound in southwest China. Genomic analysis indicates that this isolate clusters with B. thailandensis BPM, a human isolate from Chongqing, China. We recommend enhancing monitoring and surveillance for B. thailandensis infection in both humans and livestock.
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Novel Patterns in High-Resolution Computed Tomography in Whipple Pneumonia Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Hui Li, Jiajia Wu, Xiaojun Mai, Wan Zeng, Shuping Cai, Xiuji Huang, Chunxia Zhou, Jin Li, Qin Jiang, Chunliu Lai, Canmao Xie
With the use of metagenomic next-generation sequencing, patients diagnosed with Whipple pneumonia are being increasingly correctly diagnosed. We report a series of 3 cases in China that showed a novel pattern of movable infiltrates and upper lung micronodules. After treatment, the 3 patients recovered, and lung infiltrates resolved.
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Toxoplasma gondii Infections and Associated Factors in Female Children and Adolescents, Germany Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Laura Giese, Frank Seeber, Anton Aebischer, Ronny Kuhnert, Martin Schlaud, Klaus Stark, Hendrik Wilking
In a representative sample of female children and adolescents in Germany, Toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence was 6.3% (95% CI 4.7%–8.0%). With each year of life, the chance of being seropositive increased by 1.2, indicating a strong force of infection. Social status and municipality size were found to be associated with seropositivity.
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Protective Efficacy of Lyophilized Vesicular Stomatitis Virus–Based Vaccines in Animal Model Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Abd’jeleel Salawudeen, Geoff Soule, Nikesh Tailor, Levi Klassen, Jonathan Audet, Angela Sloan, Yvon Deschambault, David Safronetz
We evaluated the in vitro effects of lyophilization for 2 vesicular stomatitis virus–based vaccines by using 3 stabilizing formulations and demonstrated protective immunity of lyophilized/reconstituted vaccine in guinea pigs. Lyophilization increased stability of the vaccines, but specific vesicular stomatitis virus–based vaccines will each require extensive analysis to optimize stabilizing formulations
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COVID-19 Vaccination Site Accessibility, United States, December 11, 2020–March 29, 2022 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Randy Yee, David Carranza, Christine Kim, James Phillip Trinidad, James L. Tobias, Roma Bhakoti, Sachiko Kuwabara
During December 11, 2020–March 29, 2022, the US government delivered ≈700 million doses of COVID-19 vaccine to vaccination sites, resulting in vaccination of ≈75% of US adults during that period. We evaluated accessibility of vaccination sites. Sites were accessible by walking within 15 minutes by 46.6% of persons, 30 minutes by 74.8%, 45 minutes by 82.8%, and 60 minutes by 86.7%. When limited to populations
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Epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in Kakuma Refugee Camp Complex, Kenya, 2020–2021 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Maurice Ope, Raymond Musyoka, John Kiogora, Jesse Wambugu, Elizabeth Hunsperger, Gideon O. Emukule, Peninah Munyua, Bonaventure Juma, Elizabeth Simiyu, Levan Gagnidze, John Burton, Rachel B. Eidex
Understanding SARS-CoV-2 infection in populations at increased risk for poor health is critical to reducing disease. We describe the epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Kakuma Refugee Camp Complex, Kenya. We performed descriptive analyses of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the camp and surrounding community during March 16, 2020‒December 31, 2021. We identified cases in accordance with national guidelines
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Economic Burden of Acute Gastroenteritis among Members of Integrated Healthcare Delivery System, United States, 2014–2016 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 John F. Dickerson, Suzanne B. Salas, Judy Donald, Holly C. Groom, Mi H. Lee, Claire P. Mattison, Aron J. Hall, Mark A. Schmidt
We conducted a large surveillance study among members of an integrated healthcare delivery system in Pacific Northwest of the United States to estimate medical costs attributable to medically attended acute gastroenteritis (MAAGE) on the day care was sought and during 30-day follow-up. We used multivariable regression to compare costs of MAAGE and non-MAAGE cases matched on age, gender, and index time
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Congenital Syphilis Prevention Challenges, Pacific Coast of Colombia, 2018–2022 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Jose F. Fuertes-Bucheli, Diana P. Buenaventura-Alegría, Adriana M. Rivas-Mina, Robinson Pacheco-López
High incidences of congenital syphilis have been reported in areas along the Pacific coast of Colombia. In this retrospective study, conducted during 2018–2022 at a public hospital in Buenaventura, Colombia, we analyzed data from 3,378 pregnant women. The opportunity to prevent congenital syphilis was missed in 53.1% of mothers because of the lack of syphilis screening. Characteristics of higher maternal
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SARS-CoV-2 Transmission in Alberta, British Columbia, and Ontario, Canada, January 2020–January 2022 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-08 Aubrey D. Kehoe, Arshpreet Kaur Mallhi, Charles R. Barton, Hunter M. Martin, Christopher M. Turner, Xinyi Hua, Kin On Kwok, Gerardo Chowell, Isaac Chun-Hai Fung
We estimated COVID-19 transmission potential and case burden by variant type in Alberta, British Columbia, and Ontario, Canada, during January 23, 2020–January 27, 2022; we also estimated the effectiveness of public health interventions to reduce transmission. We estimated time-varying reproduction number (Rt) over 7-day sliding windows and nonoverlapping time-windows determined by timing of policy
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Deforestation and Bovine Rabies Outbreaks in Costa Rica, 1985–2020 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-30 Christie Jones, Amanda Vicente-Santos, Julie A. Clennon, Thomas R. Gillespie
In Latin America, rabies virus has persisted in a cycle between Desmodus rotundus vampire bats and cattle, potentially enhanced by deforestation. We modeled bovine rabies virus outbreaks in Costa Rica relative to land-use indicators and found spatial-temporal relationships among rabies virus outbreaks with deforestation as a predictor.